Hierarchical Structure, Folding, Modification, & Degradation of Proteins

Question 1

genome

Answer 1

entire DNA/RNA of an organism; same in every cell type

Question 2

proteome

Answer 2

protein compliment within an organism or individual cell types

Question 3

polypeptide

Answer 3

chain of amino acids

Question 4

Protein folding is dependent on…

Answer 4

the linear arrangement of amino acids.

Question 5

primary structure

Answer 5

sequence of amino acids

Question 6

secondary structure

Answer 6

polypeptide folded based on aa sequence

Question 7

tertiary structure

Answer 7

arrangement of secondary structures into domains

Question 8

quaternary structure

Answer 8

formed when two or more proteins interact

Question 9

amino acid components

Answer 9

central carbon
amine group
carbonyl group
hydrogen
R group

Question 10

N-terminus

Answer 10

amino end

Question 11

C-terminus

Answer 11

carboxyl end

Question 12

Tertiary structure is held together by…

Answer 12

hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and peptide bonds.

Question 13

motif

Answer 13

small region of conserved sequence that will fold for a certain function

Question 14

domain

Answer 14

large distinct section of a protein that differs in structure and function

Question 15

amphipathic

Answer 15

one side of protein is hydrophilic & other is hydrophobic; allows coils to wrap around each other

Question 16

protein families

Answer 16

share conserved structure and therefore common function

Question 17

native state

Answer 17

most stable folded confirmation of a protein

Question 18

denaturation

Answer 18

disruption of interactions holding conformation

Question 19

chaperone

Answer 19

binds/stabilizes unfolded protein to prevent degradation & encourage proper folding

Question 20

chaperonin

Answer 20

macromolecular machine that binds a protein and facilitates proper folding

Question 21

acetylation

Answer 21

modification or free amino terminus; alters half-life

Question 22

lysosomal degradation pathways

Answer 22

endocytosis, phagocytosis, autophagy

Question 23

endocytosis

Answer 23

uptakes small molecules

Question 24

phagocytosis

Answer 24

uptake of bacteria

Question 25

autophagy

Answer 25

degradation of cell components for recycling (has double lipid bilayer)

Question 26

proteasome-directed degradation

Answer 26

macromolecular machine that degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins

Question 27

ubiquitin

Answer 27

76 amino acid polypeptide; covalently attaches to lysine residues