Organelles In Neuronal Cells Flashcards
What is a prokaryotic
A simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle
What is a eukaryotic cell
A membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments or sacs, called organelles, which have specialised functions
Outline phospholipids
Amphipathic molecule, hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic tails
Double bonds cause kink in fatty acids chain- gives a lower melting point
Outline cholesterol
Prevents phospholipids from packing tightly at low temperatures, enhancing fluidity, and reduces membrane permeability by filling spaces between phospholipids
Hydrophilic hydroxyl group interacts with water, while the hydrophobic domain integrates with lipid tails, maintaining membrane integrity.
Outline the nucleus
Prokaryotic cells lack an organism nucleus
Eukaryotic cells- largest organelle, controls production of ribosomes and proteins
Chromatin stored in nucleoplasm
Nuclear envelope- double membrane- lipid bilayers
Outline the nucleolus
Dense structure, non-diving nucleus, were ribosomal RNA is synthesised
What are the two parts of the central dogma
Transcription- DNA- mRNA
Translation- RNA to protein
Outline the segments of the Golgi body
Proteins enter through cis
Modified as they past through the Golgi stacks
Exit through trans
Outline the coat proteins of vesicles
Clathrin (endocytic and secretory vesicles) - trans GC-> plasma membrane-> Golgi
COPI- cis GC -> ER
COPII- ER-> cis-GC
Outline vesicles formation
-coat protein forms the curved bud membrane configuration
-cargo molecules are picked up by the cargo receptor, which is a transmembrane protein
-cargo receptor combines with the cytosolic side of the adaption molecule
-cargo complex combines with the coat proteins on the cytosolic surface
-dynamic constricts the neck of the bud (vesicle), which then pinches off- ATP driven process
-uncoating then occurs as the coat protein and adaption are released and recycled
Functions of lysosomes
Break down and digest macromolecules
Help in cell membrane repair
Detection and response against foreign substances/antigens
What does lysosomes contain
50 enzymes/ acid hydrolyses that break down proteins, rna, lipids etc
Maintain an acidic ph5, controlled by ATP hydrolysis
Outline peroxisome
Small organelles bound by a single membrane
