Microbiology Flashcards
What 3 ways can cells be categorised
-shape
-structures
-stain
What are the four categories of microscopic fungi
Yeast
Yeast-like fungi
Filamentous
Dimorphic
What can you use for bacterial diagnosis
-culturing on selective media
-serological (ELISA)
-molecular techniques (PCR)
List the 5 variables in bacterial growth
Temperature
Oxygen
PH
Moisture
Time
What colour does a gram negative bacteria turn
Pink
What colour does a gram positive bacteria turn
Positive
What shape is bacteria
Rod like
What shape is cocci
Circular
What bacterial structures can be used as antibiotic targets
Cell wall
DNA/RNA synthesis
Folate synthesis
Cell membrane
Protein synthesis
What fungal structures can we target with antifungals
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Outline antimicrobials
Both antibiotics and antifungals, target parts of the cells that are not found in human cells and are essential to the cells function
Outline the action of penicillin
penicillin binding proteins bind to peptides, reacts with the serine group that is important in its enzymatic activity
Outline methicillin-resistance (MRSA)
MRSA strains contain SCCmec
This is a mobile genetic environment which contains the mecA gene
Th gene encodes for PBP2a- an altered PBP with low affinity for penicillin drugs
Outline B-lactamase producing pseudomonas aeroginosa
Enzymes to degrade the B-lactam ring can be encoded on transmissible genetic elements
How is normal flora important
-protection from pathogen colonisation
-nutritional capability
-development of immune function
What happens if normal flora is disrupted
Can lead to overgrowth of a pathogen.
