Organelles and Cell Membrane Flashcards
Name the 5 structures of a nucleus
It is the largest organelle, spherical, it has dark patches of chromatin, it is composed of 2 fluid filled nucleoplasm membranes and has nuclear pores
Name the 3 functions of a nucleus
The nucleolus makes rna and ribosomes, The chromatin consists of dna and proteins and when a cell divides, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes
Name the structures of the endoplasmic reticulum
They consist of flattened membrane bound sacs/cisternae which are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. There is a rough er and a smooth er
What does the rough and smooth er do
Rough - ribosomes attach and transport protein
Smooth - no ribosomes and makes lipids
Name the structure of a Golgi apparatus
A stack of membrane bound flattened sacs
Name the function of the Golgi apparatus
It receives proteins from the ER and takes them in on the cis face, and modified them eg adds sugar, then packages proteins into vesicles on the trans face
Name the 3 structures of a mitochondria
It has 2 membranes separates by a fluid filled space, the inner membranes is folded to create cristae and the central part is matrix
Name the function of a mitochondria
It’s the site where ATP is produced during respiration
Name the 5 structures of chloroplasts
It has 2 membranes separates by a fluid filled space, the inner is continuous with a network of thylakoids, a stack of thylakoids is a granum, and chlorophyll molecules are present
Name the functions of chloroplasts
It’s the site of photosynthesis, and light energy is used to derive carbohydrate molecules from carbon dioxide
Name the structure of a lysosome
spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane
Name the function of lysosomes
Contains digestive enzymes which break down materials
Name the 2 structures of a cell wall
There are microfibrils of polysaccharide cellulose, a thin layer called the lamella which marks the adjective boundaries and cements them together
What are algae and fungi walls made up of
Algae - cellulose, glycoproteins or both
Fungi - chitin
Name the 2 functions of a cell wall
It provides mechanical strength to the cell and plant, and allows water to pass along cells
Name the 2 structures of a centriole
Small protein tubes of microtubules and it is not membrane bound
Name the 2 functions of a centriole
Forms spindle fibres in cell division and movement of ribosomes in a cell
Name the 2 structures of a vacuole
It’s a fluid filled sac bound by a single membrane called a tonoplast, and contains a solution of mineral salts, sugars, amino acids, wastes and pigments called anthocyanins
Name the 3 functions of a vacuole
Supports herbaceous plants (not misses or trees) by making cells turgid, acts as a temporary food store and the pigments colour petals to attract pollinating
Name the 3 structures of a ribosome
Very small organelles, consists of 2 sub units and is not membrane bound
Name the function of a ribosome
Site of protein synthesis which acts as an assembly line
Which, out of fatty acids and phosphates are hydrophobic
FA- hydrophobic
Phos- hydrophilic
What is the cell membranes role
Separate contents of cells from their environment
Control exchange
What are all membranes classed as
Phospholipid bilayer
Does the fatty acid hydrophobic tail point inwards or outwards
Inwards
