Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes made up of
Amino acids
What three bonds can be inside an enzyme
Hydrogen, ionic and disulphide
Name three factors that affect rate of enzyme action
Temp
Conc
pH
For the enzyme to work what needs to happen
They have to come into physical contact with the substrate (collision theory)
What three things can we measure to see action rate
Formation of oxygen
Weight of reaction
Disappearance of substrate
What is the rate equation
Rate = Change divided by time
What does a plateaux on a product produced graph mean
That all the reactants are used up
On a rate graph what does a plateaux mean
It’s going at a constant rate as all active site are occupied
As temp increases, what else does
Kinetic energy
What does an increase in KE mean
That there is more successful collisions and more substrate enzyme complex’s formed
High temps and pH also cause what
Hydrogen bonds to break which is irreversible
Name and explain two ways in which we can lower activation energy
Distort the substrate shape which puts pressure in bonds and therefore makes them easier to break (induced fit hypothesis)
Find an alternate reaction pathway which splits the reaction into many smaller reactions
Explain competitive inhibitors
Bind to active site
Similar shape to substrate
Not permanently bound
How can we overcome competitive inhibitors
Add more substrate
Explain non competitive inhibitors
Attach to allosteric site of enzyme
Permanent
Enzyme no longer functional as it changes the shape of the active site
