Organelles Flashcards
What organelles are in animal cells but not in plant cells? (Hint: there are 3 of them)
- Lysosomes
- Centrosomes with centrioles
- Flagella (but some are present in plant sperm)
What organelles are in plant cells but not animal cells? (Hint: there are 4 of them)
- Chloroplasts
- Central vacuole
- Cell wall
- Plasmodesmata
How do materials get moved around in the cell?
Transport vesicles transport materials such as secretory proteins throughout the cell.
Which organelle is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that break down substances within animal cells?
Lysosome
This is an extensive network of membrane-bounded tubules and sacs. The membranes separate lumen from cytosol and is continuous with the nuclear envelope.
Endoplasmic reticulum
What membranous structure with no ribosomes on its surface synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores calcium ions, and detoxifies drugs and poisons?
Smooth ER
What membranous structure with ribosomes on its surface helps synthesize proteins from bound ribosomes, adds carbohydrates to proteins to make glycoproteins, and produces new membrane?
Rough ER
These are stacks of flattened membranous sacs and has polarity (cis and trans faces). It modifies proteins, carbohydrates on proteins and phospholipids; synthesizes polysaccharides; sorts products of its function which are then released in transport vesicles.
Golgi apparatus
This is a large membrane-bounded vesicle that helps with digestion, storage, waste disposal, water balance, cell growth, and protection in plant cells. (Hint: it takes up much of the volume of a plant cell.)
Vacuole
This is bounded by a double membrane whose inner membrane has inner foldings called cristae. Its primary function is cellular respiration and ATP synthesis.
Mitochondria
These are typically made of two membranes around fluid stroma, which contains thylakoids stacked into grana in plant cells. They carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts
What are the three cytoskeleton fiber types?
- Microtubules (tubulin polymers)
- Microfilaments (actin filaments)
- Intermediate filaments
What are microtubules?
They are hollow tubular rods whose walls are made of tubulin. They shape and support the cell and also serve as tracks along which motor proteins move. (Think kinetochores and chromosome separation!) Also, they guide vesicles from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
What are microfilaments?
They are composed of two intertwined strands of actin, each a polymer of actin subunits. They maintain cell shape, form cleavage furrow in cell division, aid in muscle contraction, and help the cell change shape.
What are intermediate filaments?
They are fibrous proteins supercoiled into thicker cables. They maintain cell shape, anchor the nucleus as well as other organelles, and form nuclear lamina.
