Organelles

Question 1

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 1

an oval shaped organelle with a double membrane

Question 2

what does the mitochondria do?

Answer 2

It is involved in aerobic respiration

It is responsible for production of ATP molecules which carry energy

Question 3

What does the outer membrane do in a mitochondria?

Answer 3

It controls the flow of materials in and out of the mitochondria

Question 4

What is a golgi apparatus?

Answer 4

An organelle that contains membrane bound, flattened sacs with vesicles on the outside

Question 5

What does the golgi apparatus do?

Answer 5

processes, modifies and packages proteins and lipid into vesicles

Question 6

What is a vesicle?

Answer 6

a small, fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane

Question 7

What does a vesicle do?

Answer 7

It transports substances in and out of the cell via the cell surface membrane where fusion occurs

During fusion, the contents of the vesicle are released outside the membrane

Question 8

What does a nucleus, overall, do?

Answer 8

controls cell activity

contains genetic material

Question 9

What is a nucleus?

Answer 9

A large, organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores and contains a nucleolus and chromatin

Question 10

What does the nucleolus do?

Answer 10

synthesises ribosomes

Question 11

What do the nuclear pores do?

Answer 11

allows large molecules like mRNA to exit the nucleus

Question 12

What is chromatin made up of?

Answer 12

proteins and DNA

Question 13

What does chromatin do?

Answer 13

controls cell activity

Question 14

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 14

the double membrane

Question 15

What does the nuclear envelope do?

Answer 15

controls the entry and exit of materials from the nucleus

Question 16

What is a cell wall?

Answer 16

A rigid, structure that surrounds plant cells mainly made of cellulose

Question 17

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 17

It supports plant cells

Question 18

What is a ribosome?

Answer 18

A very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER.

Question 19

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 19

the site where proteins are made

Question 20

What is a plasma membrane?

Answer 20

It is the membrane found on the surface of animal cells and just inside the cell wall of plant cells and prokayotic cells

Question 21

Function of a cell surface membrane

Answer 21

It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

It has receptor molecules which allow it to respond to chemicals such as hormones

Question 22

`What is a lysosome?

Answer 22

A round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no clear internal structure

Contains digestive enzymes

They are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the membrane

Question 23

Function of a lysosme?

Answer 23

It is used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell

Question 24

What is an SER?

Answer 24

They are sheet like membranes throughout the cell

Question 25

Function of SER

Answer 25

Synthesises and processes and lipids and cholesterol

Question 26

What is an RER?

Answer 26

sheet like membranes throughout the cell enclosing a fluid filled space surface is covered in ribosomes

Question 27

Function of an RER

Answer 27

synthesises and processes proteins

Question 28

What organelles may be found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Answer 28

cell wall with plasmodesmata vacuole chloroplasts

Question 29

What are cristae?

Answer 29

extensions of the inner membrane

Question 30

What does the cristae do?

Answer 30

increases the surface area for the attachment of enzymes

Question 31

What is the matrix?

Answer 31

the matrix is found inside the mitochondria and contains, lipids, trace DNA along with enzymes for respiration

Question 32

What is a chloroplast?

Answer 32

a small, flattened structure with stacks of membrane it is surrounded by a double membrane

Question 33

What is the chloroplast for?

Answer 33

It is where photosynthesis takes place some happens in the grana (stacked up membranes) some happens in the stroma (a thick fluid found in chloroplasts)

Question 34

What are centrioles?

Answer 34

small, hollow cylinders made from microtubules found in all animal cells but only some plant cells

Question 35

What do centrioles do?

Answer 35

they are involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division

Question 36

What are cillia?

Answer 36

they are small hair-like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells

Question 37

What is the cillia made up of?

Answer 37

it has an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of microtubules with two microtubules in the centre

Question 38

What does the cillia do?

Answer 38

the microtubules in the cillia allow the cilia to move and this movement is used by the cell to move substances along the cell surface

Question 39

What is the flagellum?

Answer 39

They are like cillia but longer. They stick out from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane They have 9 microtubules in a ring and two in the centre

Question 40

What does the flagellum do?

Answer 40

the microtubules contract to make the flagellum move and the flagella are used as outbouard motors to propel cells forward.