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I Biology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 chemical elements are carbohydrates made up of?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

What are the monomers that make up carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides

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3
Q

What is glucose?

A

Glucose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms-hexose monosaccharide

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4
Q

What is the structure of alpha glucose?

A

draw it

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5
Q

What is the structure of beta glucose?

A

draw it

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6
Q

What is the main function of glucose?

A

It acts as a main energy source in animals and plants.

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7
Q

What is a dissacharide?

A

Two monosaccharides joint together.

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8
Q

What bond joins monosaccharides together?

A

glycosidic bond

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9
Q

What are the functions of starch?

A

storage of energy in plants

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10
Q

What are the properties of starch?

A

compact

easily digestible

made up of amylopectin and amylose (main molecule)

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11
Q

What is the structure of glycogen?

A

Short branched chains of alpha glucose

joind be a1-4 and a1-6 glycosidic bonds

compact

quickly and easily digestible

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12
Q

What is the function of glycogen?

A

storage of energy in animals

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13
Q

What is the structure of amylose?

A

long chains of alpha glucose

joined by a1-4 glycosidic bonds

insoluble

metabolically inactive

coil;ed into a spiral

held together by hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

What is the structure of amylopectin?

A

short, branched chains of alpha glucose

joined by a1-4 and a1-6 glycosidic bonds

the a1-6 bonds form the branches

more branches means quicker digestion as there is more surface area for the enzymes.

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15
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

plant cell wall support

very strong

undigestable by humans

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16
Q

What is the structure of cellulose?

A

long chains of beta glucose

b1-4 glycosidic bonds

long chains side by side

every other glucose residue is orientated at 180 degrees

hydrogen bonds between adjacent chairs

forms into bundles called fibrils and fibres

compact

17
Q

What is the structure of ribose?

A

draw it

18
Q

What do two alpha glucose molecules form?

A

maltose

19
Q

What makes sucrose?

A

fructose + alpha glucose

20
Q

What makes lactose?

A

beta glucose + galactose

I Biology (12 decks)

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