organelles

Question 1

chromatin

Answer 1

DNA molecules that get bundled together

Question 2

nucleolus

Answer 2

a particularly thick clump of genetic material within the nucleus; builds ribosomes

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

a special compartment that holds all the cells genetic information (some of it is about how to build proteins)

Question 4

ribosome

Answer 4

organelles that builds proteins for cell

Question 5

rough ER

Answer 5

first network outside oc the nucleus’ membrane; builds + stores proteins; where ribosomes live

Question 6

smooth ER

Answer 6

second network; stores fats + steroids(hormones); detoxifies cell from drugs + other harmful substances

Question 7

golgi apparatus

Answer 7

modifies, packages, + transports proteins

Question 8

vesicle(package)

Answer 8

a compartment that transports between organelles

Question 9

vacuole(package)

Answer 9

holds + transports water

Question 10

lysosome(package)

Answer 10

a bag of digestive enzymes that eats up the trash in the cell

Question 11

chloroplast

Answer 11

only in plant cells; solar power plant; collects energy from the sun (photosynthesis), converts radiation into glucose

Question 12

mitochondria

Answer 12

converts the glucose into APT, which is an energy form that the cell can use directly

Question 13

cytoskeleton

Answer 13

bones or tent poles of cell

Question 14

microtubule (type of bone)

Answer 14

thickest if the fibers; gives structure, the roadway system inside the cell, responsible for cell division

Question 15

intermediate filament (bone)

Answer 15

medium-thick fiber; builds protective cages around important organelles

Question 16

microfilament (bone)

Answer 16

thinnest of the fibers; allows for movement by constantly building + rebuilding itself

Question 17

cell wall (tent canvas)

Answer 17

only in plant cells; holds cell together + protects it; mostly made out of carbs, but sometimes is a mix of carbs/protein (peptido glycon)

Question 18

extracellular matrix ECM (tent canvas)

Answer 18

only in animal cells; made of protein like glycoprotein + collagen

Question 19

tight junction (doorway)

Answer 19

prevent leaks when a lot if fluid is being transported

Question 20

desmosome (doorway)

Answer 20

adhesive glue that holds cells together under high mechanical stress (lifting, pushing, etc)

Question 21

gap junction (doorway)

Answer 21

facilitates communication; transports molecules between cells

Question 22

phospholipid

Answer 22

a kind of polymer; made of a phosphate and glycerol; one “leg” saturated, one unsaturated; top is polar and hydrophilic, but as it goes down, it gets more nonpolar and hydrophobic; makes up plasma membrane

Question 23

plasma membrane

Answer 23

a fluid-mosaic structure in-between the cytoplasm and the cell wall; made of phospholipids that are both hydrophilic + hydrophobic; it’s the checkpoint/gateway into the cell

Question 24

passive transport

Answer 24

easier way to get into the cell

Question 25

Active transport

Answer 25

harder way to get into the cell

Question 26

high concentration

Answer 26

high level of solute, low level of solvent

Question 27

low concentration

Answer 27

high level of solvent, low level of solute

Question 28

simple diffusion (passive transport)

Answer 28

solutes; how small, nonpolar molecules move thru the membrane

Question 29

facilitated diffusion (passive transport)

Answer 29

solutes; how large polar molecules go thru the membrane; travel thru protein channels

Question 30

osmosis (passive transport)

Answer 30

how water travels thru the cell membrane; water is a solvent; water is polar; water likes to travel away from low concentrations + towards high concentrations (water like to dilute things to equalize concentrations)