Organelles Flashcards
Process cells get rid of parts of themselves that are damaged or nonfunctional
autophagy
a section of the macrophage’s plasma membrane folds inward—to engulf a pathogen
Phagocytosis
membrane bound vesicles in plant cell
vacuoles
central vacuole functions
-absorb and store water
- store organic molecules like proteins
- store inorganic ions potassium and chloride
- sometimes stores pigments
- store stuff that is toxic or poisonous to other species
mitochondria is enclosed by
inner and outer membranes
cellular respiration
The process of making ATP using chemical energy from fuels such as sugars
- folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane
- These folds increase the surface area of the membrane and help make the mitochondrion more efficient.
cristae
space between the inner and outer membrane
intermembrane space
mitochondrial matrix
space inside inner membrane
separates the inside of nucleus from cytosol; made up of double membrane
nuclear envelope
2 phospholipid bilayers
double membrane
small channels that span the nuclear envelope, let substances enter and exit the nucleus
nuclear pores
Netlink array of philaments that lines inside of nulceuar envelope; provide structural and mechanical support to envelope helping it maintain shape of nucleus
nuclear lamina
networks of fibers that extends throughout interior of nucleus supporting shape of nucleus and plays role in transporting molecules throughout nucleus
nuclear matrix
carry genetic info in form of genes
chromosomes
organelle that forms chromosomes during cell division is
chromatin
region within nucleus where ribosomes assemble
nucleolus
fundamental subunit of chromatin
nucleosomes
free ribosomes located where and do what
-cytosol and are able to move throughout cell
-translate proteins residing in cell
Bound ribosomes located where and do what
-attached to rough ER
-translating proteins expressed on the plasma membrane or secreted from cell
- Network of internal membranes
- coordinate to do various tasks within the cell including synthesis and transport of proteins, metabolism, lipid transport
endomembrane system
endomembrane system jobs
-synthesis and transport of proteins
-metabolism
-lipid transport
Endomembrane system includes
- Golgi
- nuclear envelope
- ER
- plasma membrane
- vacuole
- lysosomes
the extensive network of membranes that accounts for more than half the total membranes in many cells; surrounds nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum ER
hollow space inside discs and tubules of the ER
lumen
lysosomes jobs
- breaks down old and unnecessary structures so their molecules can be reused
- digest foreign particles
membrane-bound vesicles in plant cells
vacuole
Central Vacuole jobs
- absorb and store water
- store organic molecules and inorganic ions
- sometimes stores pigments
- store stuff that is toxic or poisonous to other species
cellular respiration
The process of making ATP using chemical energy from fuels such as sugars
folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane; These folds increase the surface area of the membrane and help make the mitochondrion more efficient.
cristae
sites of photosynthesis
chloroplasts
Flat pancakes, membrane sacks, like to stack on top of one another
thylakoids; stack of thylakoids granum
The fluid inside inner membrane of chloroplast fluid surrounding the thylakoids
stroma
-specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane
-Contain enzymes that transfer hydrogen to O2 to make H2O2
Peroxisomes
peripheral proteins may be found on both inner and outer surface of this organelle
cell membrane
structural organelle consisting of proteins and phospholipid bilayer
cell membrane
a barrier that encloses cell and regulates passage of materials in and out of cell
cell membrane
The site where RNA is copied from DNA to direct protein synthesis
Nucleus
Translates the message of mRNA and carries out the building of proteins; Not a membrane bound organelle
ribosome
parts of this organelle are manufactured by the nucleolus in the nucleus
ribosomes
most numerous organelle in most cells
ribosomes
site of cellular respiration
Mitochondria
The inner membrane of this organelle is folded into cristae to increase the functional surface area
Mitochondria
organelle Contains an inner membrane and a matrix
Mitochondria
organelle Manufactures the lipid components of cell membranes
ER
breaks down toxins and poisions
ER
A system of membranous tubes and sacs
ER
Takes part in diverse metabolic processes and forms transport vesicles
ER
Receives polypeptides from ribosomes to prepare proteins for export or insertion into membranes
ER
The sacs of this organelle are called cisternae
golgi
Processes and packages substances for export from the cell
golgi
Materials enter on the cis side and exit on the trans side
golgi
completes final modifications of proteins
golgi
Transport vesicles arrive at this organelle carrying proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
golgi
can carry out the process of autophagy
lysosomes
May contain toxins and pigements
vacuoles
Peroxisome
- transfers H to O to produce H peroxide and other reactive O species
- plays a role in protecting cells from infection
The fluid inside this organelle is called the stroma
Chloroplasts
Converts the energy or the sun into chemical energy via photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
Contains thylakoids, which are flattened sacs that increase the functional surface area
Chloroplasts
Often called cytosol
cytoplasm
This area contains the various organelles of the cell
cytoplasm
Describe 4 things that all cells have in common:
- plasma membrane
- cytosol
- chromosomes
- ribosomes
