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Bio 111 > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Process cells get rid of parts of themselves that are damaged or nonfunctional

A

autophagy

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2
Q

a section of the macrophage’s plasma membrane folds inward—to engulf a pathogen

A

Phagocytosis

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3
Q

membrane bound vesicles in plant cell

A

vacuoles

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4
Q

central vacuole functions

A

-absorb and store water
- store organic molecules like proteins
- store inorganic ions potassium and chloride
- sometimes stores pigments
- store stuff that is toxic or poisonous to other species

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5
Q

mitochondria is enclosed by

A

inner and outer membranes

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6
Q

cellular respiration

A

The process of making ATP using chemical energy from fuels such as sugars

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7
Q
  • folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane
  • These folds increase the surface area of the membrane and help make the mitochondrion more efficient.
A

cristae

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8
Q

space between the inner and outer membrane

A

intermembrane space

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9
Q

mitochondrial matrix

A

space inside inner membrane

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10
Q

separates the inside of nucleus from cytosol; made up of double membrane

A

nuclear envelope

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11
Q

2 phospholipid bilayers

A

double membrane

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12
Q

small channels that span the nuclear envelope, let substances enter and exit the nucleus

A

nuclear pores

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13
Q

Netlink array of philaments that lines inside of nulceuar envelope; provide structural and mechanical support to envelope helping it maintain shape of nucleus

A

nuclear lamina

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14
Q

networks of fibers that extends throughout interior of nucleus supporting shape of nucleus and plays role in transporting molecules throughout nucleus

A

nuclear matrix

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15
Q

carry genetic info in form of genes

A

chromosomes

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16
Q

organelle that forms chromosomes during cell division is

A

chromatin

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17
Q

region within nucleus where ribosomes assemble

A

nucleolus

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18
Q

fundamental subunit of chromatin

A

nucleosomes

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19
Q

free ribosomes located where and do what

A

-cytosol and are able to move throughout cell
-translate proteins residing in cell

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20
Q

Bound ribosomes located where and do what

A

-attached to rough ER
-translating proteins expressed on the plasma membrane or secreted from cell

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21
Q
  • Network of internal membranes
  • coordinate to do various tasks within the cell including synthesis and transport of proteins, metabolism, lipid transport
A

endomembrane system

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22
Q

endomembrane system jobs

A

-synthesis and transport of proteins
-metabolism
-lipid transport

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23
Q

Endomembrane system includes

A
  1. Golgi
  2. nuclear envelope
  3. ER
  4. plasma membrane
  5. vacuole
  6. lysosomes
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24
Q

the extensive network of membranes that accounts for more than half the total membranes in many cells; surrounds nucleus

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum ER

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25
Q

hollow space inside discs and tubules of the ER

A

lumen

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26
Q

lysosomes jobs

A
  • breaks down old and unnecessary structures so their molecules can be reused
  • digest foreign particles
27
Q

membrane-bound vesicles in plant cells

A

vacuole

28
Q

Central Vacuole jobs

A
  • absorb and store water
  • store organic molecules and inorganic ions
  • sometimes stores pigments
  • store stuff that is toxic or poisonous to other species
29
Q

cellular respiration

A

The process of making ATP using chemical energy from fuels such as sugars

30
Q

folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane; These folds increase the surface area of the membrane and help make the mitochondrion more efficient.

A

cristae

31
Q

sites of photosynthesis

A

chloroplasts

32
Q

Flat pancakes, membrane sacks, like to stack on top of one another

A

thylakoids; stack of thylakoids granum

33
Q

The fluid inside inner membrane of chloroplast fluid surrounding the thylakoids

A

stroma

34
Q

-specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane
-Contain enzymes that transfer hydrogen to O2 to make H2O2

A

Peroxisomes

35
Q

peripheral proteins may be found on both inner and outer surface of this organelle

A

cell membrane

36
Q

structural organelle consisting of proteins and phospholipid bilayer

A

cell membrane

37
Q

a barrier that encloses cell and regulates passage of materials in and out of cell

A

cell membrane

38
Q

The site where RNA is copied from DNA to direct protein synthesis

A

Nucleus

39
Q

Translates the message of mRNA and carries out the building of proteins; Not a membrane bound organelle

A

ribosome

40
Q

parts of this organelle are manufactured by the nucleolus in the nucleus

A

ribosomes

41
Q

most numerous organelle in most cells

A

ribosomes

42
Q

site of cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

43
Q

The inner membrane of this organelle is folded into cristae to increase the functional surface area

A

Mitochondria

44
Q

organelle Contains an inner membrane and a matrix

A

Mitochondria

45
Q

organelle Manufactures the lipid components of cell membranes

A

ER

46
Q

breaks down toxins and poisions

A

ER

47
Q

A system of membranous tubes and sacs

A

ER

48
Q

Takes part in diverse metabolic processes and forms transport vesicles

A

ER

49
Q

Receives polypeptides from ribosomes to prepare proteins for export or insertion into membranes

A

ER

50
Q

The sacs of this organelle are called cisternae

A

golgi

51
Q

Processes and packages substances for export from the cell

A

golgi

52
Q

Materials enter on the cis side and exit on the trans side

A

golgi

53
Q

completes final modifications of proteins

A

golgi

54
Q

Transport vesicles arrive at this organelle carrying proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

A

golgi

55
Q

can carry out the process of autophagy

A

lysosomes

56
Q

May contain toxins and pigements

A

vacuoles

57
Q

Peroxisome

A
  • transfers H to O to produce H peroxide and other reactive O species
  • plays a role in protecting cells from infection
58
Q

The fluid inside this organelle is called the stroma

A

Chloroplasts

59
Q

Converts the energy or the sun into chemical energy via photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

60
Q

Contains thylakoids, which are flattened sacs that increase the functional surface area

A

Chloroplasts

61
Q

Often called cytosol

A

cytoplasm

62
Q

This area contains the various organelles of the cell

A

cytoplasm

63
Q

Describe 4 things that all cells have in common:

A
  1. plasma membrane
  2. cytosol
  3. chromosomes
  4. ribosomes

Bio 111 (7 decks)

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