Nucleic Acids and Gene Expression Flashcards
What determines the primary structure of a protein?
information contained in the proteins gene (DNA)
sequence of amino acids that are linked together to form the polypeptide chain
primary structure
directs the synthesis of proteins
DNA
messenger RNA
carries message from DNA to ribosomes
tRNA
carry amino acids to the ribosome
3 main component parts of a nucleotide
- 5 carbon sugar (pentose)
- linked to a phosphate group
- linked to a nitrogenous base
what are the pyrimidines
C, T, U
what are the purines
A, G
what attaches nucleotides to each other
phosphodiester linkage
end of nucleic acid that has an unbound phosphate group
5 prime end
side that has unbound sugar
3 prime end
given sequence of hydrogenous bases will always encode for a specific protein
one gene one protein hypothesis
DNA strands are antiparallelbecause
of the presence of hydrogen bond
why double helix suited for structure of DNA
allows for DNA replication and protein synthesis to occur
central dogma of molecular biology
DNA to RNA to protein
transcription
DNA to RNA
translation
RNA to protein
wobble hypothesis
the binding between the codon and the anticodon of the transfer RNA the bonds that form between the first two bases are the most important and that 3rd base wobbles a little bit because its not as important
start codon
AUG
stop codon
UGA UAG UAA
AUG codes for
Met
