Organ systems of the body Flashcards
What is the Nervous system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Fast acting control system
- Includes brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors
- Regulates autonomic functions
- Provides and interprets information about both internal and external environment.
- Induces muscle contraction
Responsible for cognitive processes.
What is the endocrine system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Controls body activities
- Includes Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads
- Produces hormones which regulate growth, metabolism, water balance, behaviour, reproduction and cell division
Acts much slower than the nervous system
What is the integumentary system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Includes skin, glands, hair and nails
- Protects against environmental changes
- Senses the environment - touch, temperature and pain
- Synthesis of Vit D ( from the sun)
- Cools the body from heat
Keeps a barrier between internal and external environment
What is the muscular system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Includes skeletal muscle and tendons
- Movement, maintains posture, generates heat, assits breathing
Tendons connect bone to muscle
- Movement, maintains posture, generates heat, assits breathing
What is the Skeletal system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Includes bone, cartilage and joints
- Provides shape and support for the body, anchors muscle, protects vital organs, stores minerals (e.g. calcium) and involved in synthesis of blood cells
Often joined with the muscular system = muscular-skeletal
- Provides shape and support for the body, anchors muscle, protects vital organs, stores minerals (e.g. calcium) and involved in synthesis of blood cells
What is the Cardio vascular system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Heart, vessels and blood
- Transports 0xygen and carbon dioxide
- Transports hormones
- Transports waste
- Blood cells fight infection
- Pumps blood around the body
Clotting components in the body
What are the three circulatory systems?
There are three circulatory systems; the systemic, the pulmonary and the coronary.
What does the Pulmonary circulatory system do?
takes carbon dioxide to the lungs and picks up the oxygen
What does the Systemic circulatory system do?
takes oxygen to the tissues
What does the Conorary circulatory system do?
takes oxygen to the myocardium - if blood flow to the myocardium is impared. Much needed oxygen is not received, a patient may suffer chest pain called angina. The nurse needs to administer oxygen to the patient.
What must a nurse do if a patient has angina?
Administer oxygen to the patient to increase blood flow to the myocardium
What is the Lymphatic system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Immune system
- Includes Tonsils, thymus, lymph, spleen
- May also include leukocytes/white blood cells
- Defends us against infection
- Filters and returns fluid from ECF to blood
Transports digested fats to bloodstream
What is the Respiratory system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Includes sinuses, nose, pharynx, larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, lung, alveoli
- Warms, moistens and filters inhaled are, channels air to lungs
- Participates in gas exchange
- May regulate acid–base balance
Helps produce sound
What is the Digestive system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Sometimes called the Gastrointestinal tract/ GI tract
- Includes mouth, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, anus
- Includes accessory organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas and glands
- Secretes digestive enzymes to begin food break down
- Secretes mucous to protect digestive tract cells and lubricates food
- Moves water and food through the tract
- Absorbs nutrients
Eliminates wastes.
What is the Urinary/renal system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Includes Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra
- Excretes waste
- Adjusts water and electrolyte Balance
- Regulates acid-base balance and salt levels
- Secretes some hormones
Also play a role in maintaining blood pressure.
If there is a drop in blood pressure what hormone does the kidneys produce? What affect does this hormone have on the blood pressure?
- Renin hormone
- Increases blood pressure
What is the Reproductive system? What parts of the body does it include? And what is its function?
- Male - ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate, testes, penis
- Female - Breast/mammary glands, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina, vulva
- Function of Reproduction- produce sperm/ova, nurtures the embryo/foetus
- Makes hormones - oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone
Mammary glads produce breast milk.
What is Static pressure?
Exerted by the weight of a gas/liquid pressing down on it. E.g) atmospheric pressure
What is Dynamic pressure?
Extra force created by a moving gas or liquid.
What are the main factors of external environment that areneeded for survival?
Nutrients, pressure, oxygen, heat ( body teperature) and water are all considered - all needed for survival.
All life forms share what 4 commonalities ( basic life neeeds)
- Organisation - maintained by internal and external boundaries . E.g skin
- Metabolism - chemical reactions. E.g carbohydrates found in our food
- Adaptive - ability of body to adapt to our environment. Can adapt form, function and behaviour
Reproduce - survival of the species.
What does Macro mean?
The parts of the body we can see. E.g. Man running down street
What does Micro mean?
Structures so small we need a microscope to see - E.g. heart beats faster
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? Define both.
Anatomy=Structures of the body
PhysiologyFunctioning of the body includes the internal mechanisms that ensure life.
When a nurse takes a patients pulse, she not only looks for the beats per minute, but what else does she listen for?
- Depth
- Rhythm
- Strength
