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Praxis 1 > Foundation - concept 1 > Flashcards

Foundation - concept 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Cholesterol

A

A waxy lipid soluble compound found in foods of animal origin and synthesised in the liver.

chol/e means bile

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2
Q

Epitheliail

A

Involving the outer layer of the skin

Epi - unpon, on or over

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3
Q

Erythrocyte

A

A mature red blood cell

Erythr/o -red
Cyt/o- cell or cytoplasm

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4
Q

Hypertonic

A

A solution that has greater osmotic pressure than normal tissue fluid

hyper-excessive or above
ton-pressure
ic -relating to

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5
Q

Hypotonic

A

A solution that has lower osmotic pressure than another one.

hypo-beneath, under or deficient
ton-pressure
ic- relating to

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6
Q

Leukocyte

A

A white blood cell

Leuco/leuko- White
Cyt- Cell

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all the chemical processes that take place in living organisms

meta - change or beyond

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8
Q

Diarrhoea

A

The frequent passage of loose watery stools

Dia - between, through, apart
rrhoea - flow or discharge

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9
Q

Equilibrium

A

A state of balance

Equi - equal

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10
Q

Hyperkalaemia

A

Greater than normal concentrations of potassium in the blood

Hyper - excess or above
Kal/l - Potassium
Aemia - Blood condition

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11
Q

Hypernatraemia

A

A greater than normal concentration of sodium in the blood

Hyper - excess or above
natr/o - sodium
aemia - blood condition

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12
Q

Hyperventilation

A

A breathing rate greater than that metabolically necessary for gas exchange

Hyper - excess or above
Ventilation - provide with air

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13
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A portion of the brain lying beneath the thalamus at the base of the crebrun

Hypo - beneath

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14
Q

`Hetoacidosis

A

Acidosis accompanied by an accumulation of ketones in the body

Osis - state or condition

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15
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Without symptoms

A - without, lack of or not

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16
Q

Diastolic

A

The blood pressure at the instant of maximum cardiac relaxation

Diastole - the phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart relaxes between contractions

ic - relating to

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17
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of tissue to regain its original shape and size after being stretched or deformed

Elastic - Capable of stretching
it - state or condition

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18
Q

Hypertension

A

Persistently high blood pressure

Hyper - above or excess

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19
Q

Hypotension

A

Abnormally low arterial blood pressure

Hypo - under, deficient or beneath

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20
Q

Peripheral

A

Relating to the periphery ( the outer surface or circumference)

peri - around

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21
Q

sphymomanometer

A

An instrument for measuring the arterial blood pressure

sphygmo/o - pulse
meter - instrument used to measure

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22
Q

Stethoscope

A

Instrument for listening to internal body sounds, especially the heart and lungs

steth/o - chest
scope - instrument for examining

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23
Q

Systolic

A

The highest pressure of the blood reached during the systole

systole - the period of contraction of the heart

ic - relating to

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24
Q

Viscosity

A

The ability or inability of a fluid to flow easily

it - state or condition

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25
Q

TPR

A

Temperature, pulse and respirations

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26
Q

Afebrile

A- Feb-Rile

A

Without fever

A- without
Febrile - relating to fever

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27
Q

Apnoea

A

An absence of spontaneous breathing

A- Without, a lack of, not
pnoea - breathing

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28
Q

Axilla

A

Armpit

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29
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally low rate of heart contractions and slow pulse

brady - slow
Cardi/a - Of the heart

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30
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

The rhythm of certain biological activities that take place daily

Circadian - a period of 24 hours

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31
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Perspiration

Diaphor/o - sweat
Esis - State or condition

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32
Q

Dyspnoea

A

Difficult or laboured breathing

Dys - Difficult, disordered, painful
Pnoea - breathing

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33
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Disturbance of a regularly occurring pattern

Dys - Difficult, disordered, painful

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34
Q

Febrile

A

Relating to fever

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35
Q

Hyperthermia

A

An exceedingly high body temperature

Hyper - excessive, above or beyond
Thermo - heat

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36
Q

Hypothermia

A

A severe reduction in body temperature

Hypo - under, deficient or beneath
Thermo - heat

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37
Q

Pyrexia

A

Fever

Pyr/o - fever or heat
ia - state or condition

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38
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormal rapid action of the heart and increase in pulse rate

Tachy - rapid or fasat
Cardi/a - of the heart

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39
Q

Dyspepsia

A

A vague feeling of epigastric discomfort after eating

Dys - Difficult, disorded or painful

pepsia - digestion

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40
Q

Disphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

Dys - Difficult, disorded or painful
Phag/o - eating

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41
Q

Disphasia

A

Difficulty in speaking, partial loss of language

Dys - Difficult, disorded or painful
Phas/o - speech

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42
Q

Dysuria

A

Difficult or painful urination

Dys - Difficult, disorded or painful
Ure - Pertaining to urine or the urinary tract

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43
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

Poly - many, much or excessive
Dips/o - thirst

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44
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive, uncontrolled eating

Poly - many, much or excessive
phag/o - eating

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45
Q

Polyuria

A

Excretion of an abnormally large amount of urine

Poly - many, much or excessive
Ure/uria - urine

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46
Q

Solution

A

A mixture of solvent and solution

47
Q

Solvent

A

Something that dissolves the other substance

48
Q

Solute

A

Substance that is dissolved by another substance

49
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving , molecules that are able to be dissolved in water ( soluble)

50
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Non water loving, repels water, molecules taht are unable to be dissolved in water

51
Q

Passive ( transport)

A

Transport that uses no energy

52
Q

Active ( Transport)

A

Transport that uses energy in the form of ATP

53
Q

ICF

A

Intracellular fluid - Fluid inside the cell

54
Q

ECF

A

Extracellular fluid - fluid outside the cell

55
Q

How much of the bodies fluid is ECF ?

A

35%

56
Q

How much of the bodies fluid is ICF?

A

65%

57
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head

58
Q

Inferior

A

Towards the feet

59
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

60
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline, towards the outer of the body

61
Q

Prosterior

A

Towards the back

62
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the tummy

63
Q

Superficial

A

On the surface

64
Q

Deep

A

Further away from the bodies surface

65
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment

66
Q

Distal

A

Further away from the point of attachment

67
Q

What are the two ventral cavities?

A

Thorcaic - lies above the diaphragm

Abdominopelivic - lies below the diaphragm

68
Q

What are the two Dorsal cavities?

A

Cranial cavity

Spinal cavity

69
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of h2o dependent upon solute concentration

70
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of solutes from an area of high to low concentration . E.G. Gas exchange

71
Q

What is the function of the “control centre” in homeostasis?

A

Control centre is usually the brain. Control centre receives message and decides what needs to happen in order to return the condition to its normal state. It then sends a message to the effector

72
Q

What is the function of the “effector” in homeostasis?

A

The body organ or part that will effect change or make the change happen

73
Q

What is the function of the “effector” in homeostasis?

A

The body organ or part that will effect change or make the change happen.

74
Q

What is the most common buffer found in the human body?

A

Bicarbonate

75
Q

What is the normal range of blood pH?

A

7.35-7.45

76
Q

Febrile

A

With fever

77
Q

Afebrile

A

No fever

78
Q

Pyrexia

A

Fever

79
Q

Rigors

A

Chills and shivering

80
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of heat from one surface to another without contact

81
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat through contract with solids, liquids and gases

82
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat through air

83
Q

Evaporation

A

When liquid is changed into a gas

84
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Profuse sweating

85
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Balance between heat lost and heat produced

86
Q

Ventilation

A

The movement of gases into and out of the lungs

87
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and red blood cells

88
Q

Perfusion

A

The distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries

89
Q

Apnoea

A

No breathing

90
Q

Dyspnoea

A

Difficulty/laboured breathing

91
Q

Othopnoea

A

Breathing easier when sitting up

92
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The amount of blood pumped by the heart over 1 minute

93
Q

Peripheral vascular resistance

A

opposition to blood flow through the arteries

94
Q

Blood volume

A

Amount of blood in the circulatory system

95
Q

Blood viscosity

A

Affects how the blood flows through small vessels. Thickness and stickiness of the blood

96
Q

Systolic

A

When the ventricles of the heart push blood through

97
Q

Diastolic

A

When the ventricles of the heart relax

98
Q

What are the normal BP ranges?

A

110-140 / 60-90

99
Q

What is the normal pulse ranges?

A

60-100

100
Q

What is the normal blood PH?

A

7.35-7.45

101
Q

What is it called if blood pH goes above 7.45?

A

Acidosis

102
Q

What is it called if blood pH goes below 7.35?

A

Alkalosis

103
Q

Whats the normal temperature ranges?

A

36-37.5

104
Q

What is the normal respiration rate?

A

12-20

105
Q

What is the definition of blood pressure?

A

Force of blood against the side of the vessel walls

106
Q

Name the assesment sites for taking temperature?

A

Armpit
Oral
Tympanic
Anal/Rectal

107
Q

Ventilation

A

The movement of gases into and out of the lungs

108
Q

Diffusion ( Respirations)

A

The movement of 02 and CO2 between alveoli and red blood cells

109
Q

Perfusion

A

The distribution of red blood cells to and from pulmonary capillaries

110
Q

Apnoea

A

No breathing

111
Q

give an example of a weak acid

A

Carbonic acid

112
Q

Why is acid base balance important?

A

The body needs to maintain a balance of pH 7.35-7.45. Dropping blood pH can cause real issues in the body. If Blood PH drops from 7.35 to 7.26 it has issues with the brain function, nausea, breathing rate increase, drowsy

113
Q

Explain how buffers work

A

A Buffer is a solution that resists changes in PH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. It maintains its PH.
If any acid is added to the buffer, the base part of the buffer reacts with it , so removes it. If any base is added to the buffer the acid part of the buffer reacts with it so removes it. Any added acid (H+) will react with the base part of the buffer and be neutralised/Removed. Any added base (OH-) will react with the acid part of the buffer and be neutralised/ Removed.

Praxis 1 (6 decks)

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