Organ Systems

Question 1

Blood Composition

Answer 1

• 55% liquid
• 45% cells

Question 2

Liquid Portion of Blood (Plasma)

Answer 2

• Aqueous mixture of nutrients, salts, gases, hormones and proteins

Question 3

Buffy Layer of Blood

Answer 3

• In b/w plasma and cells.
• Contains Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) and thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 4

Red Blood Cells

Answer 4

• Major portion of the blood that is 45% cells

Question 5

Plasma

Answer 5

• Proteins in the plasma
  
  • Albumin
  • Fibrinogen
  • Immunoglobulins
• Salts in the Blood
  
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Chlordie
  • Calcium
• Nutrients
  
  • Vitamins
  • Sugars
  • Lipids
• Hormones
  
  • TSH
  • GH
  • Insulin

Question 6

Albumin

Answer 6

• Major osmo regulator protein
• Maintain fluid and stays hydrated
• Carries hormones as well

Question 7

Fibrinogen

Answer 7

• It is an inactive form
• necessary for the ability to clot our blood
• Maintain the blood

Question 8

Immunoglobulins

Answer 8

• Antibodies that are made by B cells taht are there to help us stay healthy

Question 9

Red Blood Cells

Answer 9

• All blood cells come from the same hematopoetic stem cell
• They all occur in the bone marrow

Question 10

Red Blood Cells Life Cycle

Answer 10

• Erythropoietin (EPO)
• Release by the kidneys and goes to the bone marrow and causes the erythroblast to become and erythrocyte
  *

Question 11

Renin

Answer 11

• An enzyme that cleaves the plasma protien angiotensinogen to form antiogensin I

Question 12

Renin-Antiogensin System (RAS)

Answer 12

• Multiorgan molecular cascade activated when Bp (or blood volume) dalls.
• A drop in BP causes the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney to release renin.
• Antigoensin- converting enzyme then cleaves angiotensin I to form angiotensin II.
• Antiogensin II raises BP by inducing both the release od aldestorne form the adrenal cortex (increasing blood volume through water retention) and the constriction of arterties (increasing BP without changing blood volume)

Question 13

Red Blood Cells Characteristics

Answer 13

• No Nuclei
• Biconcave Shape
  
  • Increased surface area to allow oxygen into the cells
  • Carry oxygen on hemoglobin
  • 270 million Hb molecules per cell
• No membrane-bound organelles

Question 14

Myoglobin

Answer 14

• Iorn containing unit that can grab oxygen
• Oxygen containing subunit in our muscles
• Single subunit
• found in muscles
• higher oxyegn affinity than hemoglobin
  
  • Myoglobin can steal that oxygen from the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, so that it goes to the muscle
• Hyperbolic binding curve

Question 15

Hemoglobin

Answer 15

• 4 different subunits
• Heme groups binds to iron
• carries oxygen in RBCs
• Cooperative binding
  
  • As one subunit bind oxygen it will allow other subunits to bind oxygen more easily
• Two conformation
  
  • Tense State
    
    • Will not easily bind oxygen (has a lower affinity for oxygen)
  • Relaxed states
    
    • When oxygen binds to teh state