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Phases Of Matter Review > Organ System Anatomy > Flashcards

Organ System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Food is put into the mouth, what enzyme is in chemical digestion

A

Amylase

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2
Q

What mechanical digestion is used in esophagus ?

A

Muscles push the food down into the stomach it is called peristalsis

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3
Q

Mechanical digestion in the stomach?

A

Churning helps break down the food and mix it with gastric juice to form chyme

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4
Q

Chemical digestion in the stomach

A

Hydrochloric acid breaks down the food and kills bacteria. Pepsin breaks down proteins

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5
Q

Mechanical digestion in the small intestine

A

Villi and microvilli increase surface area, and greatly increase the level of absorption.

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6
Q

Chemical digestion in the small intestine

A

Pancreatic juice containing amylase, pro teases, and lipase is from the gallbladder. Bile from the liver and stored in the gallbladder is released to emulsify fats and oils.

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7
Q

Carries out blood away from the heart, are elastic and thick

A

Arteries

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8
Q

Return blood to the heart, are thin and less elastic, use valves to prevent backflow

A

Veins

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9
Q

Have walls that are one cell wall thick to allow for materials to pass through and connect arteries to veins

A

Capillaries

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10
Q

Deoxygenated blood enters what part of the hear first

A

The right atrium following the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava

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11
Q

Most blood flow will enter what when the heart is relaxed and AV valve is open

A

Right ventricle

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12
Q

The cardiac cycle is regulated by what?

A

Auto-rhythmic cells
SA node pacemaker of the heart
AV node

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13
Q

Responsible for starting the cardiac cycle by contracting both atria and by sending a signal

A

SA NODE

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14
Q

Signal to contract the ventricles

A

AV node

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15
Q

Inside ___________the body’s immune system works to respond to and defend against foreign invaders

A

Lymph nodes

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16
Q

Passageway that fluids and wastes can be delivered into the circulatory system

A

Lymphatic system

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17
Q

Lymphatic system is composed of what?

A

Veins and capillaries, to prevent back flow of lymph

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18
Q

Blood is composed of?

A

Plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets

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19
Q

Responsible for carrying out oxygen via hemoglobin present in cells

A

Red blood cells ( erythrocytes )

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20
Q

Defend the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses

A

White blood cells ( leukocyte)

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21
Q

Responsible for helping the blood clot and seal breaks in the walls of blood vessels

A

Platelets

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22
Q

The bodies first primary defenses are?

A

Skin, saliva, mucus sweat, urine, stomach acid and tears

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23
Q

The bodies secondary line of defense?

A

Inflammation
Swelling, redness and warmth of infected area cause the body to call in macrophages and neutrophils to consume bacteria. If the pathogen is a virus the interferon is produced so that the body can block it

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24
Q

Third line of defense

A

The body remembers the pathogen and will have a much quicker response. The body has made antibodies against that specific pathogen

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25
Q

Have antigen receptors and antibodies, and work to fight off bacteria

A

B cells

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26
Q

Responsible for recognizing nonself cells, they produce memory and killer cells

A

T cells

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27
Q

Bacterial and viral infections these cells available to recognize the antigens that have been ingested and displayed by macrophages

A

Helper T cells

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28
Q

The rate at which respiration occurs is governed by the level of what?

A

Carbon dioxide present in the body

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29
Q

Higher levels of what will trigger the body to increase breathing rate

A

Excess carbon dioxide

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30
Q

Respiratory pathway of air

A 
Nose 
Pharynx 
Larynx 
Trachea 
Bronchi 
Bronchioles 
Alveoli
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31
Q

Where max gas exchange occurs

A

Alveoli

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32
Q

Excretory system composed of

A 
Liver 
Skin
Kidneys 
Ureter 
Bladder 
Urethra
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33
Q

Detoxify blood, working to convert substances that are less toxic or altogether harmless

A

Liver

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34
Q

Excretion of excess heat, the blood vessels I’m the skin widen allowing more blood flow through the capillaries and more to be lost through the skin.
Sweating also occurs

A

Skin

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35
Q

Work to produce urine, the nephrons that is doing the filtering. Present with the nephrons are bow and capsule and glomeruli

A

Kidneys

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36
Q

Taking the urine form the kidney to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

37
Q

Anterior pituitary gland

A

Located in the hypothalamus, produce growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone.
Controls growth, release of thyroxine

38
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Located in the hypothalamus, produces oxytocin, affects uterine contractions, water absorption in nephrons

39
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Located below the larynx in front of the trachea
Produces thyroxine
Regulates rate of metabolic actives

40
Q

Parathyroid

A

Produces parathormone

Regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism

41
Q

Islets of langerhans

A

Pancreas
Insulin and glucagon
It lowers and raises blood glucose levels

42
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Adrenaline gland in the kidney
Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
Increases rate of metabolism and causes liver to release glucose

43
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Adrenaline gland in kidney
Produces cortisol
Rate of metabolism of fats, proteins and carbs

44
Q

Thymus

A

Located in chest
Produces thymosin
Produces lymphocytes during childhood years

45
Q

A change In hormone concentration causes the same kind of change in some other substances

A

Positive feedback

46
Q

Change in concentration of a hormone causes a change in concentration of another substance opposite to the change in original

A

Negative feedback

47
Q

Nerve cells made of cell body that contains a nucleus

A

Neurons

48
Q

Branched fibers receive impulses that are carried through an axon

A

Dendrites

49
Q

The axon is converted by a fatty acid called?

A

Myelin sheath

50
Q

________[travel at high speeds and are conducted via a sodium potassium pump in the nerve cell membrane

A

Nerve impulses

51
Q

The central nervous system is composed of

A

Brain and spinal cord

52
Q

The brain is composed of

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata

53
Q

Responsible for actives such as speech, memory, olfaction and movement

A

Cerebrum

54
Q

Controls voluntary movements, and some involuntary movements

A

Cerebellum.

55
Q

Responsible for involuntary commands

A

Medulla oblongata

56
Q

The spinal cord connects the _____to the brain

A

Peripheral nervous system

57
Q

The peripheral nervous system is composed of

A

Sensory neurons that transmit nerve impulses toward the central nervous system

58
Q

Motor neurons are classified as

A

Somatic nervous system or autonomic nervous system

59
Q

Guides the actions of the skeletal muscles

A

Somatic nervous system

60
Q

Guides the actions of organs and involuntary muscles

A

Autonomic nervous system

61
Q

Guides the actions of the body that calm the body down

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

62
Q

Areas that are closer to the bodies trunk

A

Proximal

63
Q

Where red blood cells are formed along with white blood cells ?

A

Marrow

64
Q

Allows for some degree of movement so that bones can bend easily at the joints. Some protection against impacts

A

Cartilage

65
Q

Includes breastbone, skull, ribs, and vertebrae

A

Axial skeletal system

66
Q

Includes arms, legs, shoulder blades, collar bones, and the pelvic bone and girdle

A

Appendicular skeletal system

67
Q

The point where one bone meets another

A

Joint

68
Q

Moveable joints keeping the bones held together

A

Ligaments

69
Q

Connect bones it muscles

A

Tendons

70
Q

Types of muscle present in the body?

A

Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

71
Q

Skeletal muscle is found in?

A

Skeleton of the body

72
Q

Smooth muscle is found?

A

Diaphragm, digestive system, and arteries

73
Q

Cause the joints in the body to flex?

A

Flexors

74
Q

Muscles extend joints of the body are called?

A

Extensors

75
Q

Where is sperm stored?

A

Epididymis, then travels to the vas deferens

76
Q

What glands does sperm travel through ?

A

Seminal and prostate gland

77
Q

The point where the egg is released from its follicle is called?

A

Ovulation

78
Q

The egg is moved down the Fallopian tube by the action of what?

A

Cilia

79
Q

Where is the egg fertilized ?

A

Uterine wall

80
Q

Sperm and egg come together it’s called?

A

Zygote

81
Q

Cell divisions in fertilization is called?

A

Cleavage

82
Q

The germ layers that later become organs in fetal growth?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endotherm

83
Q

Allows light into the eye ?

A

Cornea

84
Q

The colored portion of the eye?

A

Iris

85
Q

The iris has an opening called the ?

A

Pupil

86
Q

Focuses on the light on the retina and attached to the optic nerve ?

A

Lens

87
Q

Where is the olfactory cells embedded in the mucus membrane ?

A

Inside the nose

88
Q

Sensory nerve fibers are located?

A

Four regions on the tongue

Phases Of Matter Review (6 decks)

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