Organ-specific immunity: BRAIN Flashcards
This deck contains the lectures" "Inflammation of the CNS", "Immune privilege; blood-brain barrier", and "Innate and adaptive immune responses in the brain"
How many T lymphocytes patrol the CSF or perivascular space for pathogens in healthy individuals?
150 000
How do memory CD4 T cells return to the blood stream?
Via lymphatic vessels in the meningeal spaces and the deep cervical lymph nodes
Which parts of the brain play a role in the neuro-immune system?
- CSF
- Blood-CSF barrier
- Dural lymphatic vessels
What are the types of inflammation that can occur in the brain? (3)
- Bacterial
- Viral
- Parasitic
Name examples of bacterial agents involved in neonate brain inflammation (4)
- E.coli
- Listeria
- Staphylococci
- Pneumococci
Name examples of bacterial agents involved in adult brain inflammation (4)
- Pneumococci
- Meningococci
- N. meningitidis
- Staphylococci
- H. influenzae
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the meninges
Why do you die from meningitis?
Swelling due to adema
What is cerebritis?
Inflammation of brain tissue (“encephalitis”)
What causes brain abscesses? (3)
- Endocarditis
- Lung infections
- Abdominal infections
What is a severe complication of meningococcus meningitis?
Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome (sepsis)
What are specific inflammations affecting the CNS? (4)
- Tuberculosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Neuro-lues (Syphilis stage 3)
- Lyme disease
What happens when tabes dorsalis occurs during syphilis?
Demyelination of sensory neurons afferent to the spinal cord
Name three examples of viral inflammation in the brain
- Herpes simplex type 1
- Rabies
- Poliomyelitis
What are the five viral entry routes into the brain?
- Via PNS
- Via bloodvessel
- Via olfactory epithelium
- Via microglia
- Infection of BMVECs
In which group of patients are parasitic brain inflammations prevalent?
Immunodeficient patients (transplantation; AIDS)
What are the two types of vasculitis?
- Systemic
- Primary granulomatous
Name three demyelinating diseases
- Multiple sclerosis
- Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- Progressive myelo-encephalopathy (PML)
What is the role of macrophages during MS?
Destroying myelin sheets
What is a MS plaque?
Spot of demyelination