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I&I WC1 > Biosafety > Flashcards

Biosafety Flashcards

1
Q

What is biosafety

A

Measures to prevent exposure to (potentially) infectious agents

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2
Q

What defines biosafety?

A

Containment conditions and operational procedures to reduce the potential exposure

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3
Q

Which organisms do we have to look out for when considering biosafety?

A

Micro-organisms that can cause disease and their genetically modified variants

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4
Q

How are micro-organisms classified?

A
  • Pathogenicity (before/after genetic modification)
  • Severity of disease
  • Change of spreading into the environment
  • Availability of profylaxe or treatment
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5
Q

What are charcteristics of the different classes?

A

ZIE schema

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6
Q

What are examples of micro-organisms in class I?

A
  • Yeast
  • E coli K12
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7
Q

What are examples of micro-organisms in class II?

A
  • HBV
  • Measles
  • Salmonella
  • Legionella
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8
Q

What are examples of micro-organisms in class III?

A
  • Tuberculosis
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Influenza
  • HIV
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9
Q

What are examples of micro-organisms in class IV?

A
  • Lassa
  • Ebola
  • Marburg
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10
Q

Characteristics of GMOs (2)

A
  • Genetic composition has been changed artificially
  • The ability to replicate or transfer their genomic material
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11
Q

How do you investigate the function of a certain gene?

A
  • Inactivation (KO)
  • Overexpression
  • Mutation
  • Track, trace, measure a gene/protein
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12
Q

Specific risks of GMOs (2)

A
  • Disturbance of natural balance when introduced into the environment
  • Transfer of genetically modified material to non-GMO’s
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13
Q

Which viral experiments can you perform in BSL-1? Which adjustments need to be done?

A
  • Cloning in plasmids
  • Transformation in competent cells
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14
Q

Which viral experiments can you perform in BSL-2? Which adjustments need to be done?

A
  • Transfection of cells for the production of recombinant virus (reverse genetics) –> only ‘‘6 + 2 viruses
  • Remove multi basis cleavage site
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15
Q

Which viral experiments can you perform in BSL-3? Which adjustments need to be done?

A
  • Transfection of cells for the production of recombinant virus “full 8 gene segments”
  • With MBCS
  • No 1918 Spanish Influenza
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16
Q

How is a multi-basis cleavage site formed? What change does this lead to?

A

Insertions of nucleotides in HA gene –> virus becomes highly pathogenic

17
Q

How do the insertions of nucleotides lead to a highly pathogenic influenza virus?

A

Insertions are recognized by burin-like proteases –> sequence can be cleaved anywhere and replicates anywhere

18
Q

Why do you have to remove the multi-basis cleavage site to work in BSL-2 ?

A

Too pathogenic

19
Q

Dual Use Research of Concern

A

I&I WC1 (25 decks)

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