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Neurorradiologia > Orbital pathology > Flashcards

Orbital pathology Flashcards

1
Q

How is the orbit divided?

A

Extraconal
Conal (muscles)
Intraconal

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2
Q

Cavernous malformation - Most frequent space

A

Lateral aspect of the intraconal space

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3
Q

Cavernous malformation - Morphology

A

Well-circumscribed, homogeneous and ovoid

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4
Q

Cavernous malformation - Epidemiology

A

Middle-age adults (43-48 years old)

Female predominance

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5
Q

Cavernous malformation - Signal intensity

A

T1: isointense to muscle
T2: hyperintense uniformly

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6
Q

Cavernous malformation - Enhancement pattern

A

Progressive and slow (complete feeling in 30 minutes)

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7
Q

Fibrous solitary tumor/Hemangiopericytoma - Most frequent space

A

Extraconal

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8
Q

Fibrous solitary tumor/Hemangiopericytoma - Morphology

A

Lobulated and well-circumscribed

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9
Q

Fibrous solitary tumor/Hemangiopericytoma - Signal intensity

A

T1: isointense
T2: hypointense with flow voids

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10
Q

Fibrous solitary tumor/Hemangiopericytoma - Enhancement pattern

A

Vivid and heterogeneous

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11
Q

Fibrous solitary tumor/Hemangiopericytoma - Cell origin

A

Spindle-cell neoplasm that originates from mesenchymal fibroblast-like cells (pericytes)

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12
Q

What’s the most common primary lesion of orbit in older adults? What tumor is the most common?

A

Lymphoproliferative lesion

Lymphoma

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13
Q

The majority of lymphoproliferative lesions are unilateral and extraconal (T/F)

A

True (76%)

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14
Q

Main characteristc of lymphoproliferative disease

A

Mold the orbital structures: globe, optic nerve, orbital wall

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15
Q

What happens to the bone surrouding the lesion?

A

Remodelling

Vary rarely it destroy bone

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16
Q

Half of lacrimal gland lesions are malignant and half are benign (T/F)

A

True

17
Q

How are the lesions of the lacrimal gland divided?

A

Epithelial and non-epithelial

18
Q

Lacrimal gland - Epithelial lesions

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

19
Q

Lacrimal gland - Nonepithelial lesions

A

Lymphoproliferative

20
Q

Pleomorphic Adenoma - Epidemiology

A

Most common benign neoplasm of the lacrimal gland

Slow-growing that manifest in the 4th or 5th decade

21
Q

Pleomorphic Adenoma - Macroscopy

A

Well-circumscribed
Homogeneously enhacing mass

Bigger lesions may be heterogeneous secondary to cystic degeneration, hemorrhage, serous ou mucous collections or necrosis

22
Q

Pleomorphic Adenoma - Signal

A

T1: hypointense
T2: hyperintense

23
Q

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - Epidemiology

A

Most common malignancy of the lacrimal gland
Second most common epithelial lesion
4th decade of life

24
Q

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - Pattern

A

Infiltrative

Propensity for perineural spread

25
Q

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - Imaging

A

Irregular borders
Distortion of orbital contents
Bone erosions and calcification

26
Q

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - What nerve is commonly affected?

A

Lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic nerve

27
Q

Optic Nerve Glioma - Epidemiology

A

Most common primary tumor of the optic nerve
Children less then 8 years of age
NF-1

28
Q

Optic Nerve Glioma - What’s the most common grade?

A

Grade I (Pilocytic astrocytoma)

29
Q

Optic Nerve Glioma - Image Pattern

A

T2 hyperintense lesion with cystic spaces and variable enhancement

30
Q

Optic Nerve Glioma - Apparence of the nerve in NF1 x Non-NF1

A

Tortuous, kinked and diffusely enlarged x fusiform dilatation

31
Q

Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma - Epidemiology

A

2% of all orbital masses
More common in women
5th decade of life

32
Q

Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma - Image pattern

A

Tram-track with bone remodeling and calcification (20-50%)

33
Q

Schwannoma - Nerves

A

Mostly trigeminal nerve

May ocur in oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerve, parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, and ciliary ganglia

34
Q

Schwannoma - Pattern

A

Extraconal and at the superior orbit (ophtalmic nerve)

Cone shaped or dumbbell

35
Q

Schwannoma - Signal

A

T2 hyperintense, heterogeneous (cystic components)

36
Q

Plexiform neurofibroma - Image Pattern

A

Serpentine soft-tissue mass extraconal with heterogeneous contrast enhancement and fluid-fluid levels
T2 hyperintense with a focal inner hypointensity

37
Q

Metastasis - Common sites

A

Breast (50%)
Prostate
Melanoma
Lung

Neurorradiologia (19 decks)

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