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Neurorradiologia > Infecções > Flashcards

Infecções Flashcards

1
Q

Infecção fúngica - Quais os padrões morfológicos dos patógenos?

A

Levedura
Hifa
Dimórfico

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2
Q

Infecção leveduras - Principais patógenos?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans
Candida albicans

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3
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - Where the organism can be found?

A

Bird feces (pigeo droppings)

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4
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - Where does the infection start?

A

In the lungs through inhaled spores

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5
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - How is the diagnosis made?

A

India ink stain

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6
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - How does the yeast enter the CNS?

A

Through hematogenous dissemination

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7
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - Patterns of lesion

A 
Leptomeningeal enhancement (may be nodular)
Cryptococcomas
Pseudocysts in the basal ganglia
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8
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - Cryptococcoma size

A

Miliary (< 3 mm) or Larger

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9
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - Pseudocyst occupy which space?

A

Perivascular spaces with gelatinous material

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10
Q

Candida albicans - Common in which population?

A

Patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy or with indwelling catheters

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11
Q

Candida albicans - Which characteristics make the fungus more invasive?

A

The ability to shift from yeast to pseudohyphal form

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12
Q

Candida albicans - Pattern

A

Microabscesses (< 3 mm)

Angioinvasion with thrombosis and hemorrhage

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13
Q

Candida albicans - Uncommon patterns

A

Meningitis

Macroabscesses

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14
Q

Molds - Pathogens

A

Aspergillus

Mucorales

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15
Q

Molds - Patterns of invasion

A

More likely to invade the parenchyma

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16
Q

Molds - Dissemination patterns

A

Hematogenic

Angiotropic or perineural spread from paranasal sinus or orbital infection

17
Q

Aspergillosis - Image pattern

A

Ring-enhancing abscesses
Hypointense on T2
Hemorrhage, stroke, mycotic aneurysm (angioinvasion)

18
Q

Aspergillosis - ADC pattern

A

Hypointense without corresponding enhancement (characteristic of fungal abscesses this finding helps the distinction with pyogenic and tubercular abscesses)

19
Q

Aspergillosis - Mecanism of angioinvasion

A

Production of elastase

20
Q

Dimorphic fungi - Pathogens

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma capsulatum

21
Q

Coccidioidomycosis - Image pattern

A

Thick exudate and enhancement in the basal cisterns and subarachnoid space

22
Q

Coccidioidomycosis - Vasculitis is observed in 40% of cases. What’s the pattern?

A

Small perforators vasculitis resulting in deep brain infarcts
Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to large vessel inflammation may occur

23
Q

Neurocysticercosis - Pathogen

A

Taenia solium

24
Q

Neurocysticercosis - Transmission

A

Fecal-oral from a tapeworm carrier

25
Q

Neurocysticercosis - When does the symptons appear?

A

When the scolices begin to die or from cysts in the ventricular system

26
Q

Neurocysticercosis - Vesicular stage

A

Small non-enhancing cyst with a “dot” inside (representing the scolex) without surrounding edema

27
Q

Neurocysticercosis - Vesicular colloidal stage

A

Ringlike enhancement on post-contrast images with surrouding edema

28
Q

Neurocysticercosis - Granular nodular stage

A

Cyst retraction with surrounding gliosis

29
Q

Neurocysticercosis - Calcified nodular stage

A

Calcification of the nodule (last stage)

30
Q

Neurocysticercosis - Multiple lesions corresponding to varying stages are typical (T/F)

A

True

31
Q

Neurocysticercosis - Cistern and Sylvian fissure pattern

A

A cluster of cysts (racemose form) without enhancement and scolices

32
Q

Toxoplasmosis - Image patterns

A

Multifocal abscesses with a predilection for the basal ganglia

33
Q

Toxoplasmosis - Enhacement pattern

A

Ringlike enhancement

34
Q

Toxoplasmosis - What’s the name of the highly suggestive sign?

A

Eccentric target sign

35
Q

Echinococcosis - Image Pattern

A

Cystic lesions with signal intensity similar to CSF without enhacement
Surrounding halo of hyperintensity on T2

Neurorradiologia (19 decks)

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