Orbit

Question 1

Exophthalmos

• definition
• causes

Answer 1

• when the globe is pushed forward
• abscess(bacterial/fungal), cellulitis, neoplasia, congenital, proptosis, hemorrhage secondary to trauma, masticatory myositis

Question 2

enophthalmos

• definition
• causes

Answer 2

• globe recessed back into orbit
• congenital(doli), horners, chronic inflammation, pain, micropthalmia, atrophy of orbital tissues or orbital fractures, starvation/dehydration

Question 3

strabismus

• definition
• causes

Answer 3

• deviation of globe

- neoplasia, proptosis, congenital (brachy) masticatory myositis, lacrimal cyst, hydrocephalus, orbital fracture

Question 4

Esotropia

Answer 4

when eye is deviated inwards

- congenital condition in (white/blue eyed) cats

Question 5

axial corneal ulcer is common in/when?

Answer 5

animal with exophthalmos because they cannot completely blink over the globe

Question 6

causes of orbital cellulitis

Answer 6

bacteria or fungi

from FB, sinusitis, periodontitis, panophalmitis

Question 7

signs of orbital cellulitis

Answer 7

*pain upon opening mouth
Exopthalmos, exposure keratitis, prolapse of eyelid/globe.
suppurations inflam (abcess) granulomatous inflam

Question 8

orbital varix

Answer 8

thin walls, eye bulges when jugular vein is held off

Question 9

orbital disease can often occur secondary to _____ tumor. Also check the _______ for neoplasia can can be harming the ventral portion of orbit

Answer 9

nasal tumor

inside of the mouth

Question 10

cellulitis v. neoplasia?

Answer 10

cellulitis is painful when mouth is opened and acute presentation.

Question 11

exophthalmos and TE elevation often occur with?

Answer 11

orbital neoplasia

Question 12

Most orbital neoplasms in dogs are primary or secondary?

More common types of tumors include?

Answer 12

primary:
- osteosarcoma, meningioma, fibrosarcoma
(retrobulbar lipoma and lobular orbital adenoma also exist)

Question 13

Treatment for orbital tumors?

Answer 13

surgical removal or debulking with adjunctive radiation therapy

Question 14

Cats are more likely to get primary or secondary orbital tumors?
More common types of tumors include?

Answer 14

secondary: (71%)

- squamous cell carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, melanoma

Question 15

squamous cell carcinoma in cats

Answer 15

(most common orbital tumor in cats) need very wide margins, often need to remove the globe. (even after cryotherapy and radiation treatment )

Question 16

(goldens especially)

extraocular polymyositis

Answer 16

swelling of extraocular muscles

treat with systemic anti-inflamatories

Question 17

masticatory muscle myositis presents as?

Answer 17

exopthalmos and TE elevation, pain on opening mouth, treat with systemic anti-inflammatories

Question 18

proptosed globe is usually caused by

Answer 18

trauma (brachycephalic breeds more likely)

Question 19

often perform a __________ in dogs likely to get proptosed globe.

Answer 19

medial canthoplasty

also helps with nasal fold rubbing

Question 20

What should you do with a proptosed globe?

Answer 20

1. check PLR (they are often nonvisual)
2. protect the cornea!
3. evaluate overall health (because usually traumatic it is very likely there are other concerns)
4. sx - latheral canthotomy and tarsorrhaphy

Question 21

how to diagnose masticatory muscle myositis

Answer 21

on histology : eosinophilic infiltration and type 2myofiber AG-AB complex

Question 22

what muscle is most frequently ruptured during proptosis ?

Answer 22

medial rectus

Question 23

T/F

most dogs regain vision after proptosis

Answer 23

false