Orange - Inflammation

Question 1

What are the inflammatory mediators?

Answer 1

• Complement fragments
• Eicosanoids
• Kinins
• Histamine
• NO
• Cytokines
• Platelet activating factor
• Oxidants
• Neuroendocrine mediators

Question 2

What are the inflammatory cells?

Answer 2

• Neutrophils
• Monocytes and macrophages
• Eisinophils
• Basophils and mast cells
• lymphocytes
• platelets

Question 3

How do neutrophils work in the inflammatory response?

Answer 3

• Principal cellular component of acute inflammatory response
• First to arrive at inflammation/injury site
• Macrophages–>G-CSF–>neutrophil maturation

Question 4

How long are neutrophils present in circulation and site of infection?

Answer 4

• 7-10 hours in circulation

- 1-2 days in tissue

Question 5

How do neutrophils destroy bacteria?

Answer 5

• Phagocytosis
• Release of toxic cellular contents
• Express receptors for IgG and C3B –> ADCC and phagocytosis

Question 6

How do macrophages work in the inflammatory response?

Answer 6

• Phagocytize particulate material
• Act as APCs
• Release: IL-1, IL-6, TNG-alpha, TNF-beta

Question 7

How long do macrophages remain is tissues?

Answer 7

• Months to years

- Monocytes circulate in blood for 1-2 days before differentiating into macrophages in the tissues

Question 8

Where do you typically find eosinophils?

Answer 8

• Parasitic infections

- Allergen challenge

Question 9

How do eosinophils work in the inflammatory response?

Answer 9

• Basic crystal granules of eosinophil mediators are toxic to many organisms and also to tissues
• Circulate in blood and emigrate to tissues
• Phagocytic

Question 10

How do basophils and mast cells work in the inflammatory response?

Answer 10

• Basophils: act like mast cells except that they are in the blood instead of the tissues
• Mast cells: contain numerous granules with preformed mediators (histamine, cytokines, etc) which can be released after stimulation.
• Mast cell stimulation also results in the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes

Question 11

How do lymphocytes work in the inflammatory response?

Answer 11

• CD4+–>recognize MHC II–>B-cell differentiation into Ab-producing cells (plasma cells) or memory B cells
• CD8+–>recognize MHC I–> induce target cell lysis
• NK–>first line defence against viral infection. Virus cells lose MHC I which targets them for destruction.

Question 12

How do platelets work in the inflammatory response?

Answer 12

ADP is the most important platelet agonist during the platelet plug formation