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3RD year > OralHisto Prelims Exam Lec > Flashcards

OralHisto Prelims Exam Lec Flashcards

1
Q

what week is fetal period

A

4-12th week

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2
Q

median tongue bud

A

tuberculum impar

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3
Q

as the zygote travels down the ______ it undergoes?

A
  1. oviduct
  2. cleavage without increasing its size
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4
Q

what branchial arch:
epiglottis

A

4th branchial arch

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5
Q

inner cell mass arises into

A

embryo

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6
Q

the inner cell mass differentiates into the?

A

bilaminar germ disc

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7
Q

triangular median swelling

A

tuberculum impar

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8
Q

specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating 4 haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell

A

meiosis

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9
Q

inner cell mass

A

embryoblast

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10
Q

stacked bilateral swellings of tissue inferior to the stomodeum

A

pharyngeal arches

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11
Q

when cells realign themselves to form a fluid-filled hollow ball, it is called?
(a cavity)

A

blastocyst

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12
Q

most facial structures develops through

A

fusion

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13
Q

the lateral nasal processes forms the?

A

ala of the nose

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14
Q

the pharyngeal arches is covered by?

A

ectoderm

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15
Q

indicates the fusion of the palatal shelves

A

median palatine raphe

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16
Q

sperm binding

A

sperm glycosyltransferases and ZP3 receptors on Zona Pellucida

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17
Q

what is the temporary structure that separates the stomodeum from the primitive pharynx

A

oropharyngeal membrane

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18
Q

a process of cell duplication or reproduction during which one cell gives rise to 2 genetically identical daughter cells

A

mitosis

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19
Q

vertebra, ribs, rib cage

A

sclerotome

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20
Q

forms within each side of the arch

A

Meckel’s cartilage

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21
Q

facial development includes the formations of:

A

primitive mouth (stomodeum)
mandibular arch
maxillary process
frontonasal process
nose

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22
Q

the mandibular arch gives rise to?

A

lower face (including lower lip)
mandibular teeth
muscles of mastication
tongue

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23
Q

when the median nasal processes fuse together externally, it forms the?

A

root to apex of the nose
tubercle of the upper lip
philtrum

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24
Q

inverted v-shaped groove that marks the fusion of the body and base of the tongue

A

sulcus terminalis

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25
Q

action of 1 group of cells on another that leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue

A

induction

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26
Q

the frontonasal process gives rise to?

A

upper face
forehead
nose bridge
primary palate
nasal septum
medial nasal process

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27
Q

the intermaxillary segment gives rise to:

A

philtrum
premaxillary part of the maxilla (incisors)
primary palate

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28
Q

fertilization occurs in?

A

the ampulla of the uterine tube

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29
Q

what happens to the zona pellucida prior to implantation

A

becomes stretched, thinned out and gradually disappears

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30
Q

true or false:
most processes are formed from mesenchyme provided by the neural crest cells

A

true

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31
Q

bilaminar germ disc

A

epiblast (ectoderm)
hypoblast (endoderm)

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32
Q

series of mesodermal thickenings appear on the lateral wall

A

buccopharyngeal membrane

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33
Q

change in identical embryonic cells to become distinct structurally and functionally

A

differentiation

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34
Q

what structure is prominent in the cephalic end

A

buccopharyngeal membrane

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35
Q

outer part of the nasal pits

A

lateral nasal processes

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36
Q

on what week does palatal development start

A

5th week

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37
Q

what separates the primitive pharynx from the stomodeum

A

buccopharyngeal membrane

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38
Q

what creates the new embryonic layer mesoderm

A

mesenchyme

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39
Q

distal tongue buds

A

lateral lingual swellings

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40
Q

before the trophoblast begins to implant the blastocyst into the uterine endometrium, it differentiates into?

A

syncytiotrophoblast

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41
Q

rounded areas of specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of the developing special sense organs

A

placodes

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42
Q

when the embryo consists of 16-32 cells it is called?

A

morula

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43
Q

develops from independent swellings located internally on the floor of the primitive pharynx

A

tongue

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44
Q

first 8 weeks

A

embryonic period

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45
Q

the first event in the development of the face (4th week prenatal)

A

disintegration of the membrane

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46
Q

attainment of adult function and size due to proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis

A

maturation

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47
Q

zygote >

A

blastula

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48
Q

what week does the primitive mouth increase in depth and enlarges

A

4th week

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49
Q

a transient structure that marks the start of gastrulation

A

primitive streak

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50
Q

gives rise to the primary palate

A

intermaxillary segment

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51
Q

this indicates where the mandible is formed by fusion of right and left mandibular processes

A

mandibular symphysis

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52
Q

musculature of the back ribs and limbs

A

myotome

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53
Q

initially located between these adjacent swellings due to proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis

A

cleft/furrow

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54
Q

development of specific tissue structures or differing forms due to embryonic cell migration or proliferation and inductive interactions

A

morphogenesis

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55
Q

a central band of cells that extends the length of the embryo

A

neural plate

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56
Q

base of tongue branchial arch

A

2, 3, 4th B.A.

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57
Q

the stomodeum is limited in depth by the?

A

oropharyngeal membrane

58
Q

body of tongue branchial arch

A

1st B.A.

59
Q

forms dermis of the back

A

dermatome

60
Q

when is the start of secondary palate formation

A

6th week

61
Q

the primitive streak consists of:

A

primitive groove
primitive node
primitive pit

62
Q

mesoderm divides into paired bodies called?

A

somites

63
Q

the future mandible is formed from?

A

mandibular processes that fuse to form the mandibular arch

64
Q

when does the face and other tissues start to form

A

4th week (embryonic period)

65
Q

serves as a partial separation between the developing oral cavity and nasal cavity

A

primary palate

66
Q

dorsal cavity between ectoderm and trophoblastic layers lined by mesenchyme

A

amniotic cavity

67
Q

refers to the folding process in vertebrate embryos

A

neurulation

68
Q

bulge of tissue in the upper facial area

A

frontonasal process

69
Q

when placodes submerge, they form a depression in the center of each placode and becomes?

A

nasal pit (future nasal cavity)

70
Q

a thick loosely reticular layer of cellular material that is secreted between Heusers membrane and the cytotrophoblast

A

extraembryonic reticulum

71
Q

2 bulges of tissue that appear inferior to the primitive mouth

A

mandibular process

72
Q

immediately posterior to the fused anterior swellings

A

copula

73
Q

the membrane that covers the fetal side of the placenta

A

amnion

74
Q

ventral cavity lined by the primitive mesenchyme on the outside and the endodermal layer

A

yolk sac

75
Q

the mandibular arch is also considered as?

A

1st branchial arch

76
Q

what develops during the embryonic period

A

3 primary germ layers:
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

77
Q

what branchial arch:
copula

A

3rd branchial arch

78
Q

the part where upper lip and lower lip meet

A

labial commissure

79
Q

the study of developmental stages that occur during prenatal period

A

embryology

80
Q

the primitive pharynx is caudal to the?

A

stomodeum

81
Q

involved in the formation of maxillary incisors, primary palate, and nasal septum

A

intermaxillary segment

82
Q

location of the future anus / terminal end of the digestive tract

A

cloacal membrane

83
Q

where is growth initially most rapid

A

upper face (to keep up with the development of the brain)

84
Q

cleavage subdivides the large zygote into many smaller daughter cells called

A

blastomeres

85
Q

those who form the wall of the blastocyst retain their membranes and constitute the?

A

cytotrophoblast

86
Q

transmits septal growth ‘pull&thrust’ to facial bones as it expands its vertical length

A

nasal septum

87
Q

five secondary brain vesicles

A

telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon

88
Q

outer cell mass

A

trophoblast

89
Q

what process results in the formation of the neural tube

A

neurulation

90
Q

placodes that are located anterior of the frontonasal process

A

nasal placodes

91
Q

cells from the hypoblast begin to migrate to the embryonic pole, beneath the cytotrophoblast;
former blastocyst cavity

A

Heusers membrane

92
Q

what does the 2 medial nasal processes form when they fuse internally

A

intermaxillary segment

93
Q

a series of rapid mitotic
(without cell growth)

A

cleavage

94
Q

refers to the number of copies of each unique double-stranded DNA molecule in the nucleus

A

n number

95
Q

develops on each side of the tuberculum impar

A

lateral lingual swellings

96
Q

cephalic end is?
caudal end is?

A

head
tail

97
Q

the pharyngeal arches is lined by?

A

endoderm

98
Q

this process occurs during week 3 of human development

A

gastrulation

99
Q

somites differentiates into:

A

sclerotome
myotome
dermatome

100
Q

what is it called when most of the cartilage disappears as the mandible is formed

A

intramembranous ossification

101
Q

what develops from the interactions of the trophoblast layer and endometrial tissue

A

placenta

102
Q

the cranial boundary of the stomodeum

A

frontonasal process

103
Q

dorsal segments of the paraxial mesoderm which gives rise to skeletal muscle, the vertebral column and parts of the dermis

A

somites

104
Q

forehead ceases to grow at what age

A

12

105
Q

adjacent swellings on each side of the stomodeum following the increased growth of the mandibular arch

A

maxillary processes

106
Q

what branchial arches forms the tongue

A

1-4 branchial arches

107
Q

secondary palate gives rise to:

A

posterior 2/3 of the hard palate
soft palate
uvula

108
Q

the process of union of gametes

A

fertilization

109
Q

blastula >

A

trophoblast
inner cell mass

110
Q

stages of development
(embryogenesis)

A
  1. fertilization
  2. cleavage
  3. gastrulation
  4. organogenesis
  5. maturation
111
Q

this process is at the most cephalic end of the embryo

A

frontonasal process

112
Q

how many pairs of pharyngeal arches

A

6

113
Q

the neural tube gives rise to?

A

spinal cord
brain

114
Q

superficial demarcation of the line of fusion of the 2 lateral lingual swellings

A

median lingual sulcus

115
Q

hypoblast characteristics

A

ventral
flat, polyhedral

116
Q

mature sperm cell parts

A
  1. acrosome
  2. head (nucleus)
  3. connecting piece (mitochondria)
  4. tail
117
Q

fusion of both maxillary processes externally

A

upper lip

118
Q

controlled cellular growth & accumulation of byproducts

A

proliferation

119
Q

what branchial arch:
foramen cecum

A

2nd branchial arch

120
Q

a shallow depression in the posterior dorsal midline of the tongue that is the remnant of the more cranial part of the embryonic duct from which the thyroid gland develops

A

foramen cecum

121
Q

development of organs

A

organogenesis

122
Q

epiblast characteristics

A

dorsal
tall columnar

123
Q

the primitive pharynx is cranial most part of the?

A

foregut

124
Q

3 consecutive stages of the palatal development

A
  1. formation of the primary palate
  2. formation of the secondary palate
  3. completion of the final palate
125
Q

what structure is prominent in the caudal end

A

cloacal membrane

126
Q

main cell in neurolation

A

neural crest cells

127
Q

initially located fishlike on each side of the frontonasal process

A

lens placodes

128
Q

button-like that later develop into olfactory epithelium

A

nasal placodes

129
Q

inner cell mass >

A

epiblast
hypoblast

130
Q

this process will form the midface, sides of upper lip, cheeks, secondary palate, posterior part of the maxilla, canine, posterior teeth, and associated tissue

A

maxillary processes

131
Q

2 crescent-shaped swellings located between the nasal pits

A

median nasal process

132
Q

trophoblast arises into?

A

placenta

133
Q

invagination of epiblast cells

A

gastrulation

134
Q

what is the produce of the union of sperm and ovum (gametes)

A

zygote
(mononucleated cell)

135
Q

a prenatal organ that joins the pregnant female and the developing embryo

A

placenta

136
Q

the mandibular process consists of:

A

mesenchyme (neural crest cells)

137
Q

stages of implantation

A
  1. hatching
  2. apposition
  3. adhesion
  4. invasion
138
Q

seen at the midline surface of mature bony mandible

A

mandibular symphysis

139
Q

some proliferating trophoblast cells lose their membranes and forms what?

A

syncytium

140
Q

what does the pharyngeal arches support

A

primitive pharynx

141
Q

it provides an embryo with nourishment

A

yolk sac

3RD year (7 decks)

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