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3RD year > DENTMAT Midterms exam > Flashcards

DENTMAT Midterms exam Flashcards

1
Q

Water:Powder ratio of dental plaster

A

45-50ml/100g

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2
Q

identify the gypsum product:

characterized as more uniform shaped crystals, larger crystals, smoother particles

A

Dental Stone

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3
Q

It is carbohydrates polymer that dissolves in water, forming a sol.
Causes gelation reaction

A

potassium alginate

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4
Q

what dental cement has a white odorless powder and is mixed with water or saline to form a paste

A

Calcium Hydroxide

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5
Q

what impression materials are used for obtaining impression of dentulous mouth

A

alginate
agar
non-aqueous materials

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6
Q

classify this type of GIC:

lining cements, base

A

Type III

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7
Q

this is the time that begins when the material can no longer be manipulated in the mouth;
the time when the material has reached its ultimate state

A

setting time

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8
Q

advantages of agar

A
  • Hydrophilic
  • Good elastic properties
  • Can be re-used as duplicating material
  • No mixing technique, the potential for errors are eliminated
  • Palatable and well tolerated by patients
  • High accuracy and fine detail recording
  • Compatible with die and cast materials
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9
Q

this dental cement is used for temporary and permanent cementation, temporary fillings, cavity lines and base, pulp capping agent; and has a secondary use of root canal restorations

A

ZOE

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10
Q

what is the oldest luting cements and thus serves as a standard with which newer cements can be compared to

A

Zinc Phosphate

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11
Q

Calcium Hydroxide is strongly alkaline with a pH level of?

A

12.5

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12
Q

what impression material has higher tear strength than hydrocolloid, has no syneresis or imbibition, and are more dimensionally stable

A

elastomeric impression materials

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13
Q

what dental cement is used for permanent crowns, bridges, inlays and onlays;
also used for orthodontic cementation

A

Zinc Polycarboxylate

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14
Q

what is component in alginate which the filler gives the mixed “body”, that allows acceptable handling without the filler, the mixed material would be too runny to use

A

insert silica
(diatomaceous earth)

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15
Q

type of strength of gypsum products:

the strength that is determined when water in excess of that required for hydration of the hemihydrate remains in the test specimen

A

water strength

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16
Q

when was rubber base impression materials developed

A

1950s

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17
Q

give at least 5 desirable materials of an impression material

A

-Have pleasant taste, odor and esthetic color
-Does not contain any toxic of irritating ingredients
-Be economical
-Have adequate shelf life for storage and distribution
-Be easy to use with minimum equipment
-Exhibit dimensional stability
-Have adequate strength so that it will not break or tear while
removing from the mouth
-Possess elastic properties with freedom from permanent
deformation after strain
-Be able to electroplated
-Be compatible with die and cast materials

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18
Q

this dental cement has a multipurpose use though not used as a permanent restorative material

A

Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2

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19
Q

what dental cement is used for luting and intermediate restorations because of its medicament quality and neutral pH

A

ZOE

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20
Q

Water:Powder ratio of dental stone

A

28-30ml/100g

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21
Q

a replica on which a restoration/ prosthesis is fabricated; it it more accurate than a study model

A

a cast

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22
Q

advantages of polysulfide impression material

A
  • good wettability
  • good surface detail
  • high tear strength
  • long working time
  • radiopaque
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23
Q

what gypsum product consists of β-hemihydrate

A

Dental plaster

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24
Q

classify this type of GIC:

pit and fissure sealants

A

Type IV

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25
Q

what did AW Ward and EB Kelly introduce during the 1930s

A

ZnO Eugenol

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26
Q

impression materials

kind of what manipulation / mixing uses glass slab and spatula for ZOE impression paste polysulfide

A

circular motion

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27
Q

impression materials

what manipulation / mixing uses the figure of 8 technique for alginate

A

vigorous mixing

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28
Q

a non-metallic material used for luting or filling by mixing components that sets or as an adherent sealer in attaching various dental restorations in or on the tooth

A

Dental Cements

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29
Q

Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) ADA specification number

A

30

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30
Q

factors affecting strength of gypsum products

true or false:
thicker mixes will decrease the strength, while thinner mixes will increase with limits

A

false,
thinner mixes will decrease the strength, while thicker mixes will increase with limits

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31
Q

classify this type of ZOE:

intermediate fillings

A

Type IV

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32
Q

what dental cement is also used as a root canal sealer and periodontal dressings

A

ZOE Type IV

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33
Q

advantages of Zinc Phosphate

A

compressive strength
thermal insulator
does not dissolve in oral liquids

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34
Q

high strength base or low strength base:
GIC (type III)

A

high strength base

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35
Q

hydrocolloids

is a semisolid and produced from sol by the process of gelation

A

gel

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36
Q

identify the gypsum product:

what gypsum product calcinates on open kettle at 110/120°C

A

Dental Plaster

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37
Q

what was the mucous extracted from brown seaweed

A

algin
1890s

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38
Q

biological properties of Zinc Phosphate Cement:

At the time of cementation, the pH is _____?
Starting pH is _____?
After 24hrs, the pH is _____?

A

At the time of cementation, the pH is 2
Starting pH is 3.5
After 24hrs, the pH is 5.5

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39
Q

classify this type of GIC:

esthetic restorative cements

A

Type II a

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40
Q

what dental cement is not used for restorative purposes because the cement is opaque

A

Zinc Polycarboxylate

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41
Q

dental cements are usually supplied as?

A

powder + liquid
(or as two pastes)

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42
Q

impression trays:

readymade trays supplied in different sizes

A

stock tray

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43
Q

what did William Wilding use as dental impression material

A

algin
1936-40

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44
Q

Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) specification number

A

96

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45
Q

this impression material is supplied as two pastes in collapsible tubes, one labeled base and the other labeled accelerator or catalyst

A

polysulfide impression material

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46
Q

what process is when gypsum materials are immersed in or come in contact with water during the setting process that the setting expansion increases

A

hygroscopic expansion

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47
Q

setting time and PL ratio of Zoe

A

ST = 4-10mins
P:L = 4:1

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48
Q

disadvantages of Zinc Polycarboxylate

A

less compressive strength
high solubility
poor esthetics

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49
Q

what dental cement is commonly used for children

A

GIC
(because it has a fluoride-releasing agent)

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50
Q

polysulfide impression materials are supplied in three consistencies, what are they

A

low (syringe or wash)
medium (regular)
high (tray)

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51
Q

impression materials

what kind of manipulation / mixing is used on impression compound for a putty consistency elastomers

A

kneading

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52
Q

disadvantages of polyether

A
  • stiff (difficult to remove from mouth)
  • expensive
  • short setting time (3-5mins)
  • bitter tasting
  • absorbs water and changes dimension
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53
Q

average setting time, mixing time, and P:L ratio of
Zinc Phosphate Cement

A

ST = 7mins
MT = 1min 15sec
P:L = 1.4g/0.5ml

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54
Q

identify the gypsum product:

gypsum + steam and pressure at 125°C = alpha calcium sulfate hemihydrate

A

Dental Stone

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55
Q

JD Hart of Oklahoma began to use ______ for fabrication of cast restoration.

A

agar

(1930)

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56
Q

what is the chemical composition of gypsum products

A

calcium sulfate dehydrate

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57
Q

disadvantages of polysulfide impression material

A
  • high permanent deformation
  • staining of clothes due to the lead oxide
  • messy
  • unpleasant rubber smell
  • can only be used in special trays
  • must pour within 1hr
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58
Q

the antimicrobial agent in the components of alginate

A

quaternary ammonia

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59
Q

Zinc Phosphate Cement

true or false:
when the powder is mixed with liquid, aluminum phosphate attacks the surface of the particles and releases zinc ions

A

false,
phosphoric acid attacks the surface of the particles and releases zinc ions

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60
Q

hydrocolloids

what is the process of conversion of sol to gell, to form fibrils

A

gelation

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61
Q

this is an irreversible hydrocolloid

A

Alginate

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62
Q

a substance capable in solution of neutralizing both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original acidity or basicity of the solution

A

buffer

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63
Q

what is the reaction between powder + liquid
in dental cements

A

acid-base reaction

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64
Q

dental cements

this type of base acts as a barrier to irritation and to provide therapeutic benefit to the pulp

A

low strength base

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65
Q

what impression materials are use for obtaining impression of edentulous mouth

A

impression compound
impression plaster
zinc oxide eugenol
wax

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66
Q

new auto devices and delivery systems were introduced when?

A

1990-2000

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67
Q

this impression technique uses a high-viscosity putty first, then a low-viscosity wash is applied for enhanced detail

A

putty-wash technique

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68
Q

true or false:
the setting reaction of Zinc Polycarboxylate begins by dissolution of the powder particles by the acid, which releases zinc, magnesium, and tin ions

A

true

69
Q

advantages of alginate

A
  • cheap
  • easy to manipulate
  • hydrophilic
  • accurate enough to produce a model
70
Q

identify the gypsum product:

gypsum + 30% calcium chloride solution at 100°C = alpha calcium sulfate hemihydrate

A

Improved Stone

71
Q

true or false:
gypsum is slightly soluble in water

A

true

72
Q

Zinc Phosphate Cement

what is essential in the liquid for cement formation

A

aluminum

73
Q

disadvantages of Zinc Phosphate

A

no chemical adhesion
pulp irritation
poor esthetics

74
Q

advantages of Zinc Polycarboxylate

A

chemical bonding
good marginal adaptation
anti-cariogenic properties
mildly acidic

75
Q

a dental agent used to enhance the adhesion of some restorative materials to dentinal walls

A

dentinal bonding agents

76
Q

classify this type of ZOE:

long term cementation of fixed prosthesis

A

Type II

77
Q

the time for the final set of gypsum products

A

30-35mins

78
Q

what is the retarder component in alginate

A

sodium phosphate

79
Q

a thick, clear substance that comes from seaweed, used for growing organism such as bacteria in scientific work, and also for making liquids thicker

A

Agar

80
Q

classify this type of GIC:

GIC for art

A

Type VIII

81
Q

what composition aids in sintering

A

magnesium oxide

82
Q

Zinc Phosphate Cement is applied as?

A
  1. luting for restorations
  2. high strength bases
  3. temporary restorations
  4. luting for orthodontic bands and brackets
83
Q

classify this type of GIC:

what GIC is for luting crowns, bridges, and orthodontic brackets

A

Type I

84
Q

5 benefits of using base/liner

A
  1. prevents micro leakage
  2. inhibits bacterial growth
  3. reduces postoperative sensitivity
  4. helps reduce shrinkage
  5. versatile protection for every restoration
85
Q

GIC setting reaction

true or false:
acid attacks the glass particles reaching silica into the aqueous medium

A

false,
acid attacks the glass particles reaching calcium, aluminum, sodium, and fluoride ions into the aqueous medium

86
Q

identify the gypsum product:

has irregular shaped crytals, very porous and random shaped

A

Dental Plaster

87
Q

identify the gypsum product:

gypsum + heat = beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate

A

Dental plaster

88
Q

ZOE setting reaction:

true or false:
dehydrated zinc oxide will not react with dehydrated eugenol

A

true

89
Q

this impression material can be easily stretched and rapidly recover to their original dimensions when the applied stress is released

A

elastomeric impression material

90
Q

this can be considered as a compromise between the very small molecules in solution and very large particles in suspension

A

colloids

91
Q

this process is the formation of large polymer molecule from smaller monomer molecules

A

polymerization

92
Q

Water:Powder ratio of improved stone

A

19-24ml/100g

93
Q

identify the gypsum product:

modified α-hemihydrate

A

Improved Stone

94
Q

this process is the formation of large polymer molecule with the release of by-product

A

condensation polymerization

95
Q

impression trays:

trays prepared specially for one patient

A

special tray (custom tray)

96
Q

a device used to support the impression material in contact with patient’s oral tissues during the taking of the impression

A

impression tray

97
Q

this is the time permitted to manipulate the material in the mouth

A

working time

98
Q

what is a cast with no presence of teeth

A

edentulous cast

99
Q

true or false:
all gypsum products expand on normal setting

A

true

100
Q

this dental cement is used to coat the canal space and fill in any voids between the canal wall and the gutta percha filling material

A

endodontic sealer

101
Q

disadvantages of agar

A
  • Low tear resistance
  • Low dimensional stability
  • Only one model can be used
  • Extensive and expensive equipment required
  • It cannot be electroplated
  • Impossible to sterilize for re-use
102
Q

besides from dentistry, where else can gypsum products be used

A

homes - to make walls
industry - to make molds
medicine - used as a cast for broken bones

103
Q

what is a cast with the presence of teeth

A

dentulous cast

104
Q

materials painted on cavity walls or surfaces to serve as a chemical barrier protecting the pulp from irritating effect of some cements

A

varnishes

105
Q

when was latest addition and light cure elastomers introduced

A

1988

106
Q

this dental material is supplied as fine powders that are mixed with water to form a fluid mass that can be poured and shaped and hardens into a rigid, stable mass

A

gypsum products

107
Q

Calcium Hydroxide dental cement:

seals the enamel rods offering enamel protection.
induces reparative dentin below existing dentin

a. the first statement is wrong
b. the second statement is wrong
c. both are correct
d. both are wrong

A

b. the second statement is wrong

seals the dentinal tubules offering dentin protection.

108
Q

dental cements

these are used to hold restorations on prepared teeth when mixed to a primary consistency

A

Luting Agent

109
Q

ADA specification of Zinc Phosphate

A

96

110
Q

what is the final product of a gypsum product used to plan treatment and to observe treatment progress

A

a model

111
Q

hydrocolloids dimensional effects

a process where a gel is placed in water and absorbs it;
the gel swells

A

Imbibition

112
Q

what is another substitute for varnishes

A

bonding agents

113
Q

what is the first dental cement to exhibit chemical bonding to teeth

A

Zinc Polycarboxylate

114
Q

this is a reversible hydrocolloid

A

Agar

115
Q

what are the three types of gypsum products

A

plaster
stone
high strength or improved stone

116
Q

high strength base or low strength base:
zinc polycarboxylate

A

high strength base

117
Q

type of strength of gypsum products:

when such excess water is removed by drying, the strength is obtained

A

dry strength

118
Q

3 types of elastomers

A

polysulfide
condensation polymerizing silicone
addition polymerizing silicone
polyether

119
Q

true or false:
in polysulfide impression material, alcohol could cause air bubbles in the stone cast

A

true

120
Q

dental cementse

these are used as temporary filling materials to provide thermal insulation and mechanical support to teeth restored with other materials

A

base

121
Q

gelation temperature of agar

A

37°C - 50°C

122
Q

classify this type of GIC:

core build up material

A

Type VI

123
Q

high strength base or low strength base:
reinforced zinc oxide eugenol

A

high strength base

124
Q

disadvantages of alginate

A
  • dimensional changes
  • evaporation > harden
  • 100% humidity
  • no longer accurate
125
Q

classify this type of ZOE:

temporary filling and thermal insulating bases

A

Type III

126
Q

where is dental stone used:
cast or model

A

cast

127
Q

who used wax with plaster of paris

A

William Rae
1782

128
Q

this impression technique uses a medium-consistency material for both general and fine detail in a single application

A

single-viscosity technique

129
Q

high strength base or low strength base:
zinc phosphate

A

high strength base

130
Q

which dental cement has an adverse effect of calcification in pulp, internal resorption, ankylosis, and increased brittleness of dentin

A

Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2

131
Q

high strength base or low strength base:
calcium hydroxide

A

low strength base

132
Q

where is plaster of paris used:
cast or model

A

model

133
Q

what dental material takes accurate replica of the teeth and oral tissues

A

Impression Materials

134
Q

advantages of polyether

A
  • Accurate and fine details
  • Good dimensional stability during setting
  • Good elastic recovery of 98.9%
  • Compatible with cast and die materials
  • Pour within one week (if kept dry)
  • Good wettability (hydrophilic)
135
Q

this is the amount of time the auxiliary has to bring the components

A

mixing time

136
Q

this impression material refers to a group of rubber polymers, which are either chemically or physically cross-linked

A

elastomeric impression material

137
Q

hydrocolloids

has an appearance and many characteristics of a viscous liquid

A

sol

138
Q

this impression technique uses high-viscosity and low-viscosity material simultaneously for stability and detail capture

A

dual-viscosity technique

139
Q

ADA specification no.25 classifies 5 types of gypsum products

A

Type I - impression plaster
Type II - model plaster / plaster of paris
Type III - dental stone
Type IV - dental stone high strength
Type V - dental stone high strength high expansion

140
Q

high strength base or low strength base:
zinc oxide eugenol

A

low strength base

141
Q

which type of gypsum product is used for pouring preliminary impressions and making of diagnostic models

A

plaster of Paris

142
Q

this impression material contains hydrophobic molecules

A

addition silicone

143
Q

classify this type of GIC:

reinforced restorative cements

A

Type II b

144
Q

what dental cement is the least irritating and known for having an effect on exposed dentin

A

ZOE

145
Q

average working time or initial setting for gypsum products

A

5-7mins

146
Q

this impression material is based on a natural substance extracted from certain brown seaweed

A

Alginate

147
Q

ADA specification no.11

working time, setting time, gelation temperature, and liquefaction temperature of agar

A

WT = 7-15mins
ST = 5mins
Gelation temp = 37-50°C
Liquefaction temp = 70-100°C

148
Q

which type of gypsum product is used as a working model when a more durable diagnostic cast is required

A

dental stone

149
Q

what decreases the setting time of gypsum products

A

lower water/powder ratio
addition of accelerators (sodium chloride)

150
Q

what is the process of heating a solid material to drive off chemically combined components such as water and carbon dioxide

A

calcination

151
Q

classify this type of GIC:

luting for orthodontic purpose

A

Type V

152
Q

classify this type of GIC:

high fluoride releasing command set GIC

A

Type VII

153
Q

identify the gypsum product:

α-hemihydrate

A

Dental Stone

154
Q

hydrocolloids dimensional effect

a process wherein gel loses water by evaporation from its surface of by excluding fluid onto the surface;
the gel shrinks as a result

A

Syneresis

155
Q

classify this type of GIC:

geriatric and pediatric GIC

A

Type IX

156
Q

activator component in Alginate;
the reactor for cross-linking reaction

A

calcium sulfate

157
Q

what increases the setting time of gypsum products

A

higher water/powder ratio
addition of retarders (borax)

158
Q

the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction

A

sintering

159
Q

which type of gypsum product has hardness and dimensional accuracy making it ideal to create the dies used in the production of crowns, bridges and indirect restorations

A

high strength stone

160
Q

expansion that occurs when gypsum sets while immersed in water

A

hygroscopic expansion

161
Q

average mixing time and setting time of Zinc Polycarboxylate

A

MT = 30-90sec
ST = 6-9min

162
Q

dental cements

this type of base is used to provide thermal protection for the pulp, as well as mechanical support for the restoration

A

high strength base

163
Q

this dental agent is a mix of paste-paste system to form one paste which is packed over surgical sites to protect the underlying tissue

A

surgical/periodontal agents

164
Q

classify this type of ZOE:

temporary cementation

A

Type I

165
Q

dental cements

cements of low strength used to provide protection to the pulp from irritants or serve therapeutically as pulp capping agents

to initiate reparative dentin

A

liner

166
Q

where was polyether impression material developed

A

Germany
1960s

167
Q

what is the buffer in the composition of Zinc Phosphate Cement

A

aluminum phosphate

168
Q

this process is the formation of large polymer molecules with no release of by-product

A

addition polymerization

3RD year (10 decks)

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