Oral Viral Infection Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the clinical features of herpes simplex virus types 1 & 2?
Gingivo stomatitis - canker sores
Herpes labialis - cold sores
Keratoconjunctivitis - eye infection of cornea and conjunctiva
Herpetic whitlow - infection of the fingernail
Bell’s palsy
Genital herpes
How would a lab diagnosis of HSV 1 & 2 be made?
Most diagnoses can be made based on history and clinical appearance
BUT
LAB
Vesicle/ ulcer fluid - swab & molecular sample media for PCR
What HSV are most likely to infect oral and genital lesions respectively (for secondary infections) and why?
HSV1 - more prone to oral infections because it is better at replicating in the TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA
HSV2 - more prone to genital infections because better at replicating in the SACRAL GANGLIA which innervates the genitals.
NOTE - either can infect either site for the primary infection.
Briefly explain pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus.
- ACUTE INFECTION - virus enters through mucosa or damaged epithelium
- LATENCY - retrograde transport - virus hides out in nucleus of neurons while infection is cleared out by immune system. Then virus is shuttled from axon termini to cell body - can feel tingling before virus starts replicating again
- RE-ACTIVATION - anterograde transport - virus infects epithelial cells again and virus replicates again causing visible lesions.
In re-activation of HSV, why can a person feel tingling before recurrent lesions appear?
The virus re-activates in the neuron, so a person can sometimes feel this before the visible lesions appear.
Good because they can treat and sometimes prevent lesions from appearing if this happens.
What is the route of transmission for HSV?
Direct contact by close person:person contact
What does Epstein-Barr virus cause?
Glandular fever
What does varicella zosters virus cause?
Chicken pox and shingles
What is the incubation period for varicella zoster infection?
10-21 days
What are the complications for VZV caused chickenpox?
Secondary bacterial infections
Pneumonia
Congenital/ perinatal/ neonatal - affects the baby depending on time and severity of infection for the mother
Signs and symptoms of shingles (caused by zoster)?
Vesicles appear representing nerve where virus has been dormant - does not cross the midline- only on one side of the body
The affected area may be INTENSELY PAINFUL.
What are complications of shingles (caused by zoster)?
Post herpetic neuralgia
Secondary bacterial infections
Ophthalmic zoster
What is the route of transmission of varicella zoster?
Direct contact - droplet or airborne spread.
Why is it important to diagnose and treat shingles early?
Reduces severity and duration of pain and complications
Pain may mimic toothache
What virus causes hand foot and mouth disease?
Coxsackie A virus
Part of enterovirus family
What are the clinical features of hand foot and mouth disease?
Fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough
Maculopapular skin rash, mouth blisters and body and muscle aches
How is hand foot and mouth disease transmitted?
Nose and throat secretions, fluid from blisters or scabs
Faeces (faeco-oral transmission)
What is the treatment for hand foot and mouth disease?
No specific medical treatment - symptomatic relief and prevent dehydration
Fluid intake, bed rest, analgesics
How is measles spread?
RNA virus spread through airborne transmission or direct contact with infected respiratory secretions
Signs and symptoms of measles
High fever
Cough
Runny nose
Conjunctivitis
Kopliks spots - small grey-white spots in mouth
3-5 days later - rash begins on face and spreads downwards
What’s the incubation period for mumps?
12-24 days
What are the symptoms of mumps?
Headache and fever
Swelling of parotid gland (uni or bilateral)
Signs and symptoms of monkeypox
Blistering rash or skin lesions on face and genital area
Fever
Sore throat
Headache
Muscle aches
Back pain
Low energy
Swollen lymph nodes
What other conditions can monkeypox be confused with?
Symptoms may be confused with herpes simplex, chickenpox or syphilis.
