Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS4 Oral Med > Oral Viral Infection > Flashcards

Oral Viral Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical features of herpes simplex virus types 1 & 2?

A

Gingivo stomatitis - canker sores
Herpes labialis - cold sores
Keratoconjunctivitis - eye infection of cornea and conjunctiva
Herpetic whitlow - infection of the fingernail
Bell’s palsy
Genital herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How would a lab diagnosis of HSV 1 & 2 be made?

A

Most diagnoses can be made based on history and clinical appearance
BUT
LAB
Vesicle/ ulcer fluid - swab & molecular sample media for PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What HSV are most likely to infect oral and genital lesions respectively (for secondary infections) and why?

A

HSV1 - more prone to oral infections because it is better at replicating in the TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA

HSV2 - more prone to genital infections because better at replicating in the SACRAL GANGLIA which innervates the genitals.

NOTE - either can infect either site for the primary infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Briefly explain pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus.

A
  1. ACUTE INFECTION - virus enters through mucosa or damaged epithelium
  2. LATENCY - retrograde transport - virus hides out in nucleus of neurons while infection is cleared out by immune system. Then virus is shuttled from axon termini to cell body - can feel tingling before virus starts replicating again
  3. RE-ACTIVATION - anterograde transport - virus infects epithelial cells again and virus replicates again causing visible lesions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In re-activation of HSV, why can a person feel tingling before recurrent lesions appear?

A

The virus re-activates in the neuron, so a person can sometimes feel this before the visible lesions appear.
Good because they can treat and sometimes prevent lesions from appearing if this happens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the route of transmission for HSV?

A

Direct contact by close person:person contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Epstein-Barr virus cause?

A

Glandular fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does varicella zosters virus cause?

A

Chicken pox and shingles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the incubation period for varicella zoster infection?

A

10-21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the complications for VZV caused chickenpox?

A

Secondary bacterial infections
Pneumonia
Congenital/ perinatal/ neonatal - affects the baby depending on time and severity of infection for the mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Signs and symptoms of shingles (caused by zoster)?

A

Vesicles appear representing nerve where virus has been dormant - does not cross the midline- only on one side of the body
The affected area may be INTENSELY PAINFUL.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are complications of shingles (caused by zoster)?

A

Post herpetic neuralgia
Secondary bacterial infections
Ophthalmic zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the route of transmission of varicella zoster?

A

Direct contact - droplet or airborne spread.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is it important to diagnose and treat shingles early?

A

Reduces severity and duration of pain and complications
Pain may mimic toothache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What virus causes hand foot and mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie A virus
Part of enterovirus family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the clinical features of hand foot and mouth disease?

A

Fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough
Maculopapular skin rash, mouth blisters and body and muscle aches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is hand foot and mouth disease transmitted?

A

Nose and throat secretions, fluid from blisters or scabs
Faeces (faeco-oral transmission)

17
Q

What is the treatment for hand foot and mouth disease?

A

No specific medical treatment - symptomatic relief and prevent dehydration
Fluid intake, bed rest, analgesics

18
Q

How is measles spread?

A

RNA virus spread through airborne transmission or direct contact with infected respiratory secretions

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of measles

A

High fever
Cough
Runny nose
Conjunctivitis
Kopliks spots - small grey-white spots in mouth

3-5 days later - rash begins on face and spreads downwards

20
Q

What’s the incubation period for mumps?

A

12-24 days

21
Q

What are the symptoms of mumps?

A

Headache and fever
Swelling of parotid gland (uni or bilateral)

22
Q

Signs and symptoms of monkeypox

A

Blistering rash or skin lesions on face and genital area
Fever
Sore throat
Headache
Muscle aches
Back pain
Low energy
Swollen lymph nodes

23
Q

What other conditions can monkeypox be confused with?

A

Symptoms may be confused with herpes simplex, chickenpox or syphilis.

24
Q

What is acyclovir’s mechanism of action?

A

Blocks DNA polymerisation by tricking replicating herpes virus into incorporating defective acyclovir molecule into growing DNS chain and blocks further viral DNA synthesis.

25
Q

What is acyclovir used to treat?

A

Re-activation of herpes simplex
Shingles and chickenpox- by zoster

26
Q

What is prescription of aciclovir cream (for topical herpes labialis lesions)?

A

Aciclovir cream 5%
2g
Apply to lesion every 4 hours (5x per day) for 5 days

Same for adults and children

27
Q

For immunocompromised patients and patients with severe infections but non-immunocompromised, what would be prescribed for adults with HSV infections e.g. PHGS?

A

25 200mg tablets - 1 tablet 5x daily, for 5 days

28
Q

What is prescription of aciclovir tablets for immunocompromised or severe infections in CHILDREN with HSV infections e.g. PHGS??

A

Aciclovir tablets (200mg)
OR
Oral suspension (200mg/5ml)

6m-1y - 100mg 5x per day

2-17y - 200mg 5x per day - same for adults

29
Q

What is initial treatment for herpes simplex infections (e.g. PHGS)?

A

Symptomatic relief
- Plenty fluids - avoid dehydration
- Nutritious diet - soft diet may be beneficial for pain
- Bed rest
- OTC analgesics
- CHX mouthwash if regular OH not possible due to pain

30
Q

What is prescription for CHX mouthwash (local measure)?

A

CHX mouthwash 0.2%

300ml, rinse mouth for 1 minute with 10ml 2x per day
(15 days/ 2 weeks)

31
Q

What is prescription for hydrogen peroxide mouthwash (local measure)?

A

hydrogen peroxide mouthwash 6%

rinse mouth for 2 minutes with 15ml diluted in half a tumbler of warm water 3x per day

32
Q

What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS)?

A

Manifestation of HSV1 - painful oral lesions and fever.

Self-limiting infection that typically resolved within 10-14 days

Most commonly affects children between 6 months to 5 years but can affect any age.

33
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Fever
Malaise
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Multiple small ulcers that coalesce - keratinised and non-keratinised mucosa
Generalised inflammation of the gingivae

34
Q

What are 8 things you would ask a parent regarding their child with PHGS?

A
  • How long has ulceration been present
  • Has child had any associated fever/ lymphadenopathy?
  • Has child been able to eat/ drink?
  • Have you (parents) ever had cold sores?
  • Has this presentation ever happened before?
  • When has child last passed urine?
  • Are lesions present anywhere else on the body?
  • Have you noticed any triggers? E.g. Has child had any new antibiotics in last few days?
35
Q

What are risk factors that may trigger herpes reaction (recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis?)

A

Stress
systemic illness
Immunosuppressed
Menstruation - biggest one for women

36
Q

What are the symptoms of RECURRENT herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Pain on brushing
Vesicles
Depends on site - can cause difficulty swallowing
Can be stingy - burning sensation

37
Q

Describe the viral replication of herpes simplex virus?

A

Binding
Entry
Release and nuclear transport
Nuclear entry
Gene expression
DNA replication
Packaging
Egress - leaving

38
Q

What is the prescription for treatment of shingles?

A

Acyclovir 800mg, send 35 tablets, 1 tablet 7x/ day
Refer to specialist or GMP

39
Q

What is kaposi sarcoma and what causes ot?

A

Neoplsm affecting any part of the GI tract (mouth to anus).
Presents as brownish-red/ purple patches/ nodules in the mouth
Caused by HHV-8

BDS4 Oral Med (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions