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Histology 2 > Oral Tissues and Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Oral Tissues and Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major structures of the oral cavity?

A

Lips
Teeth
Tongue
Oral mucosa
Associated salivary glands

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2
Q

What is the epithelium of the oral mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous with keratinisation in areas of friction e.g. the palate

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3
Q

What is the lamina propria that supports the mucosa made of?

A

Dense collagenous tissue

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4
Q

Where is the lamina propria connected to the underlying muscle by loose submucosal supporting tissue?

A

Highly mobile areas e.g. floor of the mouth and soft palate

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5
Q

True of False: In areas where the oral mucosa overlies bone, the lamina propria is tightly bound to the periosteum by a relatively dense fibrous submucosa.

A

True

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6
Q

List the types of oral mucosa.

A
  1. Lining
  2. Masticatory
  3. Specialised
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7
Q

Describe lining mucosa.

A

Mainly non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium with underlying supportive lamina propria that lines the inner lips, cheeks, soft palate, floor of mouth and underside of the tongue

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8
Q

What type of epithelium is masticatory mucosa?

A

Keratinised/para-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

Where is masticatory mucosa found?

A

Hard palate and the gingiva (gums around the teeth)

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10
Q

What is an example of specialised mucosa?

A

The dorsal surface of the tongue has taste buds, is keratinised and has numerous papillae

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11
Q

What are the surfaces of the lip?

A
  1. Outer cutaneous
  2. Red (vermillion) border
  3. Inner oral mucosa
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12
Q

Describe the outer cutaneous surface of the lip.

A

Thin skin
Epidermis with hair follicles, sebaceous gland and sweat glands
Underlying dermis
Rich sensory innervation

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13
Q

What is the vermillion border?

A

Transition zone between skin and oral mucosa
Thick stratified squamous epithelium with either no keratin or light keratin
Tall C.T. papillae under epithelium
Pink/red
Lacks hair follicles and no glands

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14
Q

What are the labial glands?

A

Small groups of minor salivary glands deep to the oral mucosa lamina propria

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15
Q

Is the core of the lip skeletal, smooth or cardiac muscle?

A

Skeletal

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the palate?

A

Forms roof of mouth and separates oral and nasal cavities

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17
Q

Is the hard palate anterior or posterior?

A

Anterior

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18
Q

Describe the hard palate.

A

Covered by masticatory mucosa with rugae
Underlying lamina propria with papillae containing many capillaries and lymphocytes
Ducts connect palatine glands to epithelial surface

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19
Q

What is the uvula?

A

A conical projection on the posterior aspect of the soft palate

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20
Q

What is the soft palate’s function?

A

To close off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx during swallowing

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21
Q

What is the lining of the soft palate?

A

Oral: Non-keratinised stratified squamous
Nasal: Ciliated pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells

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22
Q

Why is the soft palate red?

A

Rich vascular supply

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23
Q

What is the tongue?

A

Mobile muscular organ on the floor of the oral cavity, involved in mastication, swallowing, speech and taste

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24
Q

What is the sulcus terminalis?

A

A V-shaped groove on the dorsum of the tongue that demarcates the anterior 2/3 from posterior 1/3

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25
Q

What embryological tissue is the epithelium of the tongue made of?

A

Anterior: Oral ectoderm
Posterior: Foregut endoderm

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26
Q

What are the 4 types of lingual papillae?

A
  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Circumvallate
  4. Foliate
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27
Q

True or False: The posterior 1/3 of the dorsal tongue has numerous lingual papillae.

A

False, instead studded by 35-100 irregular mucosal bulges that correspond to lingual tonsils creating a cobblestone appearance

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28
Q

What is the composition of the body of the tongue?

A

A mass of interlacing bundles of skeletal muscle (allowing a wide range of movements) bound to the mucous membrane by a dense collagenous lamina propria which is continuous with the epimysium of the muscle

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29
Q

What papillae type are very numerous and a keratin-tipped elongated conical shape?

A

Filiform papillae

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30
Q

What is the role of filiform papillae?

A

Provide a rough surface that facilitates food movement during chewing

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31
Q

Describe fungiform papillae.

A

Less numerous than filiform
Keratinised mushroom shape with scattered taste buds on the upper surface

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32
Q

Where are the majority of fungiform papillae located?

A

Near the tip of the tongue

33
Q

What is the structure of foliate papillae?

A

Parallel ridges and furrows on the side of the tongue and have taste buds

34
Q

Describe circumvallate papillae.

A

Least numerous
Largest lingual papillae
One row of 8-12 circumvallate papillae lies just anterior to the sulcus terminalis
Contain over half of the taste buds on the human tongue

35
Q

What are taste buds?

A

Small, ovoid intraepithelial organ
Taste pore on the apical surface
Embedded on lateral surfaces of fungiform and circumvallate papillae

36
Q

What is the name of the serous salivary glands that empty into the deep groove that surrounds each circumvallate papilla?

A

von Ebner’s glands

37
Q

What is the purpose of von Ebner’s glands?

A

Washes food particulates from the vicinity by providing a continuous flow of fluid over the taste buds

38
Q

What enzyme do von Ebner’s glands secrete and why?

A

Lipase
Prevents the formation of a hydrophobic film over the taste buds

39
Q

What number of tastes buds are on the listed areas:
a) Tongue
b) Soft palate
c) Epiglottis
d) Larynx and pharynx

A

a) 5000
b) 2500
c) 900
d) 600

40
Q

What are the 3 types of cells recognised in a taste bud?

A
  1. Sensory/taste receptor cells (lightly stained)
  2. Supporting/sustentacular cells (darkly staining)
  3. Basal cells
41
Q

What is the lifespan of the sensory and support cells of taste buds?

A

10-14 days

42
Q

What is the compostion of the posterior surface of the tongue?

A

Relatively smooth stratified squamous epithelium with underlying lymphoid tissue called the lingual tonsil

43
Q

What is Waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue?

A

Lingual tonsil, palatine tonsils and adenoids that guard the entrance to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

44
Q

What are salivary glands?

A

Exocrine glands of the oral cavity that produce saliva

45
Q

What is saliva?

A

Hypotonic watery secretion
Contains mucous, enzymes, antibodies and inorganic ions

46
Q

What is the pH of saliva?

A

6.7-6.9

47
Q

What are the principle enzymes in saliva?

A

Amylase and lysosyme

48
Q

True or False: 500-1000 mL of saliva is produced daily.

A

False, 700-1200 mL

49
Q

List the basic functions of saliva.

A
  1. Protection
  2. Antimicrobial activity
  3. Digestion
  4. Taste
  5. Buffering
  6. Tooth integrity
50
Q

What percentage of saliva is produced by the major salivary glands?

A

90%

51
Q

What are the major salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

52
Q

Name the minor salivary glands.

A

Palatine
Lingual

53
Q

What type of gland are major salivary glands?

A

Compound tubulo-acinar gland

54
Q

What are the components of the salivary parenchyma?

A

Serous acini
Mucous acini
Duct system

55
Q

True or False: Salivary glands are covered by a tough C.T. capsule with septa subdividing the gland into lobes.

A

True

56
Q

What is the difference between simple and compound ducts?

A

Simple are unbranched while compound are branched

57
Q

Salivary glands use a merocrine mechanism of secretion. Define merocrine secretion.

A

Occurs by exocytosis

58
Q

What are the secretions of serous cells like?

A

Thin and watery
Contains proteins and ions

59
Q

Is a serous cell more likely to be an acinus or a tubular element?

A

More likely to form the rounded acinus

60
Q

What is the duct system for major salivary glands?

A

Intercalated ducts into striated ducts and then empty into main excretory duct

61
Q

Describe serous cells.

A

Polarised, protein-secreting cells
Pyramidal with a prominent basal nucleus and extensive RER
Connected by junctional complexes

62
Q

Describe mucous cells.

A

Cuboidal-columnar cells with basal nuclei and large numbers of secretory granules
Stain lighter than serous cells

63
Q

What is a serous demilune?

A

A cap-like/cresent shaped arrangement of serous cells at the end of a secretory unit in mixed acini

64
Q

Why are convention preparations of mixed acini not as accurate as other methods such as rapid freezing?

A

Mucous cells swell and push serous cells aside, creating an artifact

65
Q

What are myoepithelial cells?

A

Specialised epithelial cells
Contract to help expel secretions from the acini

66
Q

Where are myoepithelial cells found?

A

Inside the basal lamina of secretory units as well the initial duct system to a lesser extent

67
Q

What is the epithelium of intercalated ducts?

A

Simple cuboidal

68
Q

What is the epithelium of striated ducts?

A

Simple columnar

69
Q

What is the epithelium of excretory/interlobular ducts?

A

Pseudostratified/stratified cuboidal to stratified columnar in distal parts

70
Q

Why are striated ducts striated?

A

Membrane infoldings of the basal lamina with mitochondria

71
Q

What classification of gland is the parotid gland?

A

Compound acinar gland with secretory portions with exclusively serous cells

72
Q

Describe the structure of the parotid gland.

A

Divided into several lobules
Outer capsule with radiating septa carrying vessels and excretory ducts

73
Q

What type of gland is the submandibular gland?

A

Mixed gland with secretory units often being seromucous (but pure versions of each also present)

74
Q

How do mucigen and zymogen (enzyme-containing) granules appear in H&E staining?

A

Mucigen stain poorly while zymogen stains strongly

75
Q

Compare the nuclei of mucous vs serous cells.

A

Mucous: flattened and condensed on the basement membrane
Serous: rounded and central

76
Q

True or False: Serous cells predominate within the sublingual gland with only a small number of mucous cells.

A

False, mucous cells are more numerous

77
Q

What are the amount of serous vs mucous in each major salivary gland?

A

Parotid: entirely serous
Submandibular: 2/3 serous
Sublingual: about 1/3 serous

78
Q

What are the minor salivary glands and their location?

A
  1. Lingual - posterior dorsum of the tongue
  2. Minor sublingual - lower surface of tongue
  3. Labial - inner lip
  4. Palatine - soft and post. hard palate submucosa
  5. Buccal - cheek submucosa lining
79
Q

What type of secretion is typical in minor salivary glands?

A

Mucous

Histology 2 (6 decks)

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