Oral (tablets)

Question 1

Advantages of tablet: (3)

Answer 1

easy to take and handle

precise dosing

cheap to mass produce with consistent quality

Question 2

Disadvantages of tablet: (3)

Answer 2

difficult to reverse

slower onset of action

first pass metabolism

Question 3

Disintegrating tablets are..

Answer 3

the most common type, swallowed and release drug in a relatively shortt time

can be uncoated or coated

Question 4

Gastro-resistant tablets are…

Answer 4

delayed release tablets, resist the gastric fluid and to release the drug in the intestinal fluid

covered with a gastro-resistant coating

Question 5

Modified-release tablets are…

Answer 5

coated or uncoated tablets that are designed to modify the rate, the place or the time at which the drugs are released

Question 6

3 types of modified-release tablets:

Answer 6

Prolonged - released slowly at a constant rate

Delayed release - released some time after administration

Pulsatile release - released from the formulation in two or more pulses

Question 7

Dispersible tablets vs orodispersible tablets

Answer 7

dispersible are dispersed in water before oral administration

orodispersible are placed in the mouth where they disperse rapidly before being swallowed

Question 8

Effervescent tablets are…

Answer 8

uncoated tablets that are dissolved or dispersed in water before administration

weak acid and a carbonate which react in water to release co2

temporarily increases stomach pH, allows drug to enter the intestine faster for absorption

Question 9

Sublingual tablets are placed..

Answer 9

placed under the tounge

Question 10

Buccal tablets are placed..

Answer 10

placed on the side of the cheek

Question 11

Lozenges and Pastilles…

Answer 11

usually for local effect in the oral cavity and the throat.

Question 12

What’s the most common technique for tablet manufacturing?

Answer 12

powder compression

Question 13

3 stages of powder compression:

Answer 13

die filling
- powder flows down from a hopper into the die

tablet formation
- upper punch comes down into the die compressing the powder into tablet

tablet ejection
- lower punch rises to eject the tablet

Question 14

2 types of tablet presses:

Answer 14

• single punch press
  one die and one punches
  200 tablets per minute
• rotary press
  multiple sets of punches and dies
  10,000 tablets per minute

Question 15

Tablet Excipients

Filler (diluent)

Answer 15

added to increase the bulk volume of the powder and hence the tablet size

usually lactose is used - easily dissolves, good compactibility and pleasant taste

Question 16

Tablet Excipients

Disintegrant

Answer 16

allows tablets to break up into small fragments when in contact with a liquid

starch most commonly used, swells in contact with water, disrupts the tablet to provide larger surface area during dissolution

Question 17

Tablet Excipients

Binder (adhesive)

Answer 17

ensures granules and tablets can be formed with the required mechanical strength

can be added as powder or as solution

Question 18

Tablet Excipients

Glidant

Answer 18

improves powder flowability by reducing cohesion between particles

Question 19

Tablet Excipients

Lubricant

Answer 19

lowers friction between solid ingredients and machine wall

improves tablet formation and ejection

Question 20

Tablet Excipients

Anti-adherent

Answer 20

reduces adhesion between powder and punch faces

prevents particles sticking to the punches