Oral Sx & Ortho Sx Flashcards
which oral surgery management has the greatest risk of long term malocclusion?
conservative
what management:
young animals
non-displaced fracture
conservative management
criteria for maxillomandibular fixation?
what are the two types?
when must you place feeding tube?
highest risk of what?
all 4 canines
rigid (canines) and non-rigid (buttons)
before fixation
aspiration pneumonia
what management option is available for cats with symphyseal separation?
inter-dental wiring
criteria for inter-dental wiring with acrylic splints?
large teeth on either side of fracture line - NO caudal fracture, NO if no teeth, NO if severe PD
criteria for inter-fragmentary wiring?
wire perpendicular to fracture line
NO in comminuted fx, large defects or fractures secondary to PD
puzzle piece teeth
what management would you use for a very comminuted or caudal fracture or an edentulous patient?
rigid fixation
what are the 5 fundamentals of maxillofacial fracture repairs (most important to least)
- stabilize
- restore occlusion
- maintain blood supply
- early return to function
- rigid skeletal fixation
chronic intermittent ortho suspicion
chronic tendinopathies
chronic, slowly progressive ortho suspicion
arthritis
acute, improving ortho suspicion
1st/2nd degree sprain/strain
acute, severe, persistent ortho suspicion
fracture
luxation
acute with chronic history ortho suspicion
pathologic fracture
exacerbation of OA
which joint is hard to assess for effusion
hip
difference between passive ROM and flexibility testing?
PROM: muscles on slack
flexibility - muscle stretch/extensibility
4 beat gait without a suspension phase
walk
accelerated walk maintaining 4-beat gait pattern
amble
2-beat, diagonal gait with suspension phase
trot
2-beat lateral gait
pace
asymmetric gait (3-beat gait with different patterns on the right and left side)
canter
fastest gait
gallop
in trot, head nod/bob can occur with which limbs?
ipsilateral
in pace, head/bob can occur with which limbs?
contralateral
what is the difference between a grade 1, 2/3, 4, 5 lameness
1 - inconsistent
2/3 - head movement/pelvic tilt
4 - occasional non-weight bearing/toe touching
5 - always non-weight bearing/toe touching
how to examine the biceps m
shoulder flexion
elbow extension
how to examine the supraspinatus m
pain on greater tubercle
shoulder and elbow flexion
what are tentative diagnostics for biceps/supraspinatus tendinopathy?
PE
rads (chronic changes)
US (non-mineralized)
what are definitive diagnostics for biceps/supraspinatus tendinopathy?
MRI
arthroscopy for biceps tendinopathy only
radiographs show mineralization on the intertubercular groove makes you suspicious of which tendinopathy?
biceps tendinopathy
radiographs show mineralization on the greater tubercle makes you suspicious of which tendinopathy?
supraspinatus tendinopathy
treatment options for biceps tendinopathy (medical and surgical)
PT/Rehab/Meds
Triamcinolone
tenodesis (preserves elbow flexion)
tenotomy (loss of support, cannot flex elbow)
treatment options for supraspinatus tendinopathy (medical and surgical)
PT/Rehab/Meds
shock wave, biologics (stem cells, PRP)
tendon resection
release of transverse humeral ligament
release incisions in supraspinatus
how to diagnosis medial shoulder instability/syndrome
abduction angle
arthroscopy
MRI
medial shoulder instability/syndrome surgical options
radiofreq shrinkage
prosthetic ligament reconstruction
tendon transposition
what are the two forms of achilles tendinopathy? how to treatments differ?
acute - laceration, suture (three-pulley technique)
degenerative - sometimes surgery
what is ruptured if plantigrade stance + flat paw w/ stifle in extension
all components of common calcaneal tendon
surgical!
what is ruptured if plantigrade + crab claw like stance
SDF is still intact
type 2c injury - non-surgical (orthotics)
achilles tendinopathy diagnostics?
rads
MSK US
what is not recommended for non-surgical treatment of CCLD
orthotics/prosthetics
what causes medial compartment disease? what are the specific exam findings?
fragmented coronoid process
pain on hyperflexion, hyperextension
pain on medial compartment pressure/palpation
crepitus, reduced ROM, swelling
medial compartment disease diagnostics?
Campbells test
rads only 50-70% accurate
CT for osseous
arthroscopy for cartilage
CT view for medial compartment disease
transverse view is best for?
sagittal view best for?
transverse - coronoid
sagittal - incongruity of radius/ulna
surgical options for medial compartment disease
arthroscopic debridement
ulnar ostectomy
non-surgical options for medial compartment disease
arthritis management
most common factor affecting OA in dogs?
genetics/developmental
diagnostic of choice for OA?
radiographs
- Osteophytes, enthesophytes, effusion
- Periarticular swelling, subchondral sclerosis
- Intra-articular mineralization, subchondral cysts
what are the 10 steps for OA treatment
- prevention (breeding, nutrition, sterilization)
- surgery (young, fixable)
- weight/PA
- drugs
- fish oils
6-8 supplements - joint injections
- surgery
4 A’s of Orthopedic Radiographs
alignment
apposition
apparatus
activity
