Oncology Part 2 Flashcards
most common oral tumors in dogs
fibrosarcoma
melanoma
SCC
most common oral tumors in cats
SCC
fibrosarcoma
canine fibrosarcomas
- breed?
- location?
- metastasis?
- treatment?
- prognosis?
large breeds
palate, maxilla, mandible
slow to met
complete excision
fair/good
canine melanoma
- breed?
- location?
- metastasis?
- treatment?
- prognosis?
older small breeds
mucosa/gingiva
LN and lung common
complete excision
poor prognosis
canine SCC
- breed?
- location?
- metastasis?
- treatment?
- prognosis?
large breeds
rostral mandible, tonsil, tongue
LN or lungs
complete excision for rostral lesions, partial glossectomy for tongue
good prognosis if rostral lesion on mandible or tongue
worse prognosis if tonsils, mets, or caudal location on mandible or tongue
feline SCC
- location?
- metastasis?
- prognosis?
maxilla, mandible, under tongue, some bone involvement
LN and lung mets UNCOMMON
poor response to sx and radiation
feline fibrosarcoma
- location?
- metastasis?
- prognosis?
gingiva, lip or cheek, some bone involvement
occasionally mets
fair response to surgery
best way to obtain a histological diagnosis of an oral mass?
incisional biopsy
- preserve lip/cheek
- don’t go through normal tissue (risk of seeding)
- do not FNA
most common intestinal/stomach tumors in dogs?
1) adenocarcinoma
2) lymphoma
most common intestinal/stomach tumors in cats?
1) lymphoma
2) adenocarcinoma
what are the diagnostic and treatment challenges of a “hi-low” fibrosarcoma
- histologically low grade, biologically high grade
- low met rate but high local recurrence
- very invasive and requires large margins
treatment for solitary intestinal masses or obstructive tumors?
surgery
treatment for palliation of intestinal tumors?
stenting, rerouting, bypass
treatment for diffuse lymphoma in intestines?
chemotherapy
perineal tumor differentials in a dog? which is the most common?
AGASACA
perineal adenoma (most common)
perineal adenocarcinoma
AGASACA biologic behavior?
aggressive
mets to LN (sublumbar first site)
does the size of an AGASACA tumor correlate with presence of metastatic disease?
NO
what paraneoplastic syndrome is seen with AGASACA?
hypercalcemia
most common treatment for AGASACA?
surgery - LN removal and anal sacculectomy
when is surgery not indicated for an AGASACA?
invasion into muscle
360 involvement of vessels
extensive seeding into abdominal wall
Perianal Gland Adenoma biologic behavior?
associated with plasma androgen levels
cocker spaniels!
located at prepuce, scrotum, tail, inguinal area
Perianal Adenocarcinoma biologic behavior?
NOT androgen dependent
locally invasive, can met to LN
how can you differentiate an adenoma from adenocarcinoma?
can’t via FNA
treatment for perianal adenoma or adenocarcinoma?
surgery
soft tissue sarcomas
- location?
- painful?
- biologic behavior?
- metstasis?
- cutaneous or SQ
- non-painful
- locally invasive, recurrence common
- low met rate - if it does = lungs
ideal surgical margins for soft tissue sarcoma resection
3cm margins laterally
1 uninvolved fascial plane beneath
include biopsy tract
what are some therapeutic options for an incompletely excised soft tissue sarcoma?
second surgery
radiation therapy
chemo (poor choice)
explain the 3-2-1 Rule for cats having a cutaneous lump following a vaccine
- lump persists for 3mo after vaccine
- larger than 2cm in diameter
- increases in size 1 mo after vx
diagnosis of a feline injection site sarcoma
incisional biopsy
treatment for a feline injection site sarcoma
surgery - 5cm margin laterally, 2 uninvolved fascial planes below, include biopsy tract
what are the tools to do an incisional biopsy on an appendicular bone tumor
open - wedge, trephine, curette
closed - jamshidi
for a biopsy of an appendicular bone tumor where should the incision be in reference to the long axis of the limb
cranial or craniolateral incision parallel to the long axis of limb
what are some options for curative intent for OSA
surgical - amp/chemo or limb salvage/chemo
radiation - SRT/chemo
for a dog with OSA what are the causes of mortality following palliative care and following curative-intent therapy
palliative - local disease; euthanasia due to increasing pain or pathologic fracture
curative - metastasis
for OSA what are the median survival times following curative-intent therapy and following palliative therapy.
palliative only 1-2 months
amp only 4-7 months
amp + chemo 1yr
what is the main drug used for adjuvant therapy for OSA
carboplatin
The role of radiation therapy AFTER limb amputation in the treatment of appendicular OSA
it is NOT indicated as amputation is a wide local or radical excision
ideal margins for OSA?
3cm bone margins and 1 fascial plane surrounding
favorable locations for limb salvaging procedure
distal radius
ulna
scapula
unfavorable locations for limb salvaging procedure
stifle
tibia
humerus
what is a ‘positive’ prognostic factor for patients with a traditional limb salvage surgery
infection - associated with improved survival
What procedure has been shown effective for treatment of hypertrophic osteopathy 2o to pulmonary OSA metastasis?
metastasectomy if solitary lesion
if no solitary lesions – bisphosphonates
