Oral solids Dosage (lecture 2)

Question 1

types of tablets

Answer 1

Ø Swallowable tablets 
Ø Effervescent tablets
 Ø Chewable tablets
Ø Buccal and sublingual tablets 
Ø Lozenges 
Ø Controlled-release tablets 
Ø Coated tablets

Question 2

Ø Coated tablets

Answer 2

Ø Enteric coating are polymers such as cellulose acetate phthalate and HMPC phthalate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate
Protect drug from stomach acid-induced decomposition but readily dissolve in the small intestine
Ø Film coating is composed of polymer (e.g. methylcellulose phthalate, ethylcellulose, povidone, and PEG) asa thin layer covering the compressed powder
prevent decomposition or minimize the unpleasant taste of certain drugs

Question 3

§ Effervescent Tablet:

Answer 3

Ø Disintegrates and dissolves in water before oral administration as a liquid drink
Ø Disintegration by carbon dioxide gas release which produces effervescence
Ø Excipients are sodium bicarbonate and an organic acid such as citric acid or tartaric acid

Question 4

§ Chewable Tablet:

Answer 4

Ø Faster dissolution starting in the mouth

Ø Flavored and sweetened

Question 5

Buccal (cheek pouch) and SL (under the tongue) tabs:

Answer 5

Ø Fast dissolution and absorption in the oral cavity for acute diseases such as angina attack (SL nitroglycerin tab)
Ø Avoids 1st-pass effect
Ø No disintegrant
Ø Lightly compressed powder creating a soft tablet

Question 6

§ Lozenge:

Answer 6

Ø No disintegrant

Ø Dissolves in mouth with saliva for local effects in the mouth and throat

Question 7

Tablet Excipients

Answer 7

• Sweeteners and flavorings
• Diluents
• Binding agents (adhesives)
• Glidants:
• Lubricants
• Disintegrants:

Question 8

Diluents

Answer 8

§ Diluents (bulking agents): for proper tablet weight e.g. lactose, starches, microcrystalline cellulose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sodium chloride, and dicalcium phosphate

Question 9

• Binding agents (adhesives)

Answer 9

§ Binding agents (adhesives): bind granules together during tablet compression and affects the dissolution rate of drugs e.g. starches, PVP, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, alginic acid derivatives, glucose, and sucrose.

Question 10

Glidants

Answer 10

Glidants: reduce interparticle friction between granules e.g. colloidal silica, starch, and talc

Question 11

§ Lubricants:

Answer 11

§ Lubricants: punch out during manufacture, reduce interparticle friction in the powder for improved powder flow e.g. Mg stearate, talc, stearic acid, PEG, paraffin. Mg stearate is most popular but has chemical incompatibility with many drugs (e.g. aspirin)

Question 12

§ Disintegrants:

Answer 12

§ Disintegrants: starches (swell in water), cross-linked PVP, celluloses, alginate, silicates, cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose