Oral Sensations

Question 1

The body of the tongue is derived from arch ____ while the root is derived from arch ____

Answer 1

1

3

Question 2

True or False?

The dorsal surface of the tongue is mostly keratinized epithelium

Answer 2

true

Question 3

True or False?

There is a submucosa associated with the tongue

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Some of the papillae are innervated by ________ nerve endings?

Answer 4

somatosensory

Question 5

Name the type of fibers associated with the following senses

1. Touch?
2. Warming?
3. Cooling?
4. Pain?

Answer 5

1. Touch? – Ab & A delta
2. Warming? – C
3. Cooling? – A delta
4. Pain? – A delta and C

Question 6

Name the cranial nerves that are associated with the taste buds (3)

Answer 6

CN VII

CN IX

CN X

Question 7

CN ____ serves the anterior mouth while CN ____ serves the posterior tongue and pharynx

Answer 7

CN V

CN IX

Question 8

TERM – fusion of taste (olfactory) and sensations (oral somatosensory)

Answer 8

Flavor

Question 9

When you are eating, volatile molecules from food stiumulate the olfactory epithelium via 2 routes

1.

2.

Answer 9

1. Orthonasal
2. Retronasal

Question 10

_________ signals are particularly important in contributing to food flavor

Answer 10

Retronasal

Question 11

True or False?

Taste and Olfactory signals enter the brain over separate cranial nerves?

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

Taste and olfactory signals interact extensively in the CNS epsecially at the _____ ____ ____

Answer 12

Primary Gustatory Cortex

Question 13

Taste is associated with CN ___,___,___ and arise from the brainstem unlike smell which is associated with CN ___ and is in the inferior portion of the brain (cribiform plate - crista gali)

Answer 13

CN VII, IX, X

CN I

Question 14

What is the difference between Paraguesia and Phantogeusia?

Answer 14

Both deal with the taste quality

– Paraguesia = incorrect sensation

– Phantoguesia = taste in the absence of a stimulus

Question 15

What is the difference between Hypergeusia and Hypogeusia?

Answer 15

Both deal with taste intensity

• Hypergeusia – hightened sensation
• Hypogeusia – reduced sensation

Question 16

TERM – type of taste disorder in which there are NO sensations

Answer 16

Ageusia

Question 17

True or False?

Hypo or Ageusia is less common than olfactory deficits

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

What are some reasons for loss of taste?

Answer 18

1. Idiopathic – unknown – most common
2. Post-traumatic
3. Post-operative

Question 19

3 Functions of the taste system:

1.

2.

3.

Answer 19

1. Distinguish nutrients between nutritive and non-nutritive substances
2. Distinguish different nutrients
3. Dectect harmful substances such as poisons and caustic chemicals

Question 20

____ # of taste receptor classes

___ # stimuli classes

___ # qualities detected by stimuli

Answer 20

5

5

5

Question 21

Name the 5 taste qualities that we are able to detect

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Answer 21

1. Sugars – SWEET
2. Amino Acids – UMAMI
3. Salts – SALTY
4. Acids – SOUR
5. Varied alkaloids, purine base, glycosides – BITTER

Question 22

True or False

The sensation of spiciness is not dependent on the taste system

Answer 22

TRUE

Instead, spiciness is a part of the PAIN system, specifically the TRP receptors

Question 23

Describe what a taste bud will look like histologically

Answer 23

1. Onion like shape of goblet cells (40-60)
2. Cell nuclei are at the base of the taste bud
3. Nerve fibers are at the base of the taste bud
4. Taste pore is at the surface - microvilli

Question 24

What is the correct range of taste buds?

1. 500
2. 5,000
3. 50,000
4. 500,000

Answer 24

5,000

Question 25

Most of the taste buds are located on the \_\_\_\_\_, while other locations include \_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 25

Tongue (68%) Pharynx & Larynx (27%) Soft Palate (5%)

Question 26

True or False? In the GI tract, there are similar taste receptors like the ones in our mouth

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

Taste buds are associated with 3 types of lingual papillae 1. 2. 3.

Answer 27

1. Foliate Papillae 2. Circumvallate Papillae 3. Fungiform Papillae

Question 28

Fungiform Papillae are heavily concentrated on what portion of the tongue?

Answer 28

Anterior tip

Question 29

Fungiform papillae on the dorsal anterior tongue are innervated by the chorda tympani branch of CN \_\_\_?

Answer 29

VII

Question 30

Are fungiform papillae and the dorsal anterior tongue innervated by the same cranial nerve?

Answer 30

NO! 1. Fungiform papillae are innervated by CN VII (BA-2) 2. Dorsal anterior tongue is innervated by CN V (BA1)

Question 31

What type of papillae are strategically placed to monitor foo entering the mouth?

Answer 31

Fungiform Papillae

Question 32

True or False? **Filiform** papillae contain taste buds

Answer 32

FALSE - they do NOT

Question 33

What are MORE numerous? Fungiform papillae or Filiform papillae?

Answer 33

FILIFORM PAPILLAE

Question 34

This type of taste bud is known to have a "mushroom" shape under EM

Answer 34

Fungiform Papillae

Question 35

Why do fungiform papillae only 1 taste bud compared to most fungi which have multiple taste buds?

Answer 35

SIZE! Fungiform papillae \>\>\> Taste bud

Question 36

Taste buds are on the ______ surface of fungi

Answer 36

Dorsal

Question 37

Fiiform Papillae 1. Shape? 2. Keratinized? 3. Taste buds? 4. Innervation?

Answer 37

1. Spine shape 2. Heavily keratinized 3. NO taste buds!!! 4. Somatosensory fibers

Question 38

Foliate Papillae are innervated by CN\_\_\_?

Answer 38

CN IX (BA3)

Question 39

Recall: Fungiform Papillae are innervated by CN \_\_\_?

Answer 39

CN VII

Question 40

Why are foliate papillae located more posteriorly?

Answer 40

They are closer to the molars' location to monitor food during chewing

Question 41

Are foliate papillae located laterally or centrally in the posterior region of the tongue?

Answer 41

Lateral aspect

Question 42

Organization of Foliate Papillae

Answer 42

1. Densely packed 2. 2-9 parallel folds 3. Dorsoventral orientation

Question 43

Folliate Papillae 1. taste buds are located in \_\_\_\_, not surfaces 2. Many or few taste buds/foliate? 3. Closely associated with _____ glands?

Answer 43

1. trenches 2. Many 3. salivary (Von Ebner glands)

Question 44

Numer range of circumvallate papillae? Number of associated taste buds????

Answer 44

8 - 10 ~2,400

Question 45

What is the strategic location of the circumvallate papillae?

Answer 45

To monitor food just before swallowing

Question 46

Along with folliate papillae, circumvallate papillae are also located in a \_\_\_\_\_\_, not a dorsal surface Also they are closely associated with ______ glands

Answer 46

Trench Von Ebner's Glands

Question 47

True or False Taste buds are generally functionally redundant in their ability to sense different tastes

Answer 47

TRUE There is one **exception** -- taste buds on the larynx mainly respond to deviations from isotonicity (protect airway)

Question 48

Bitter substances are more intense when in contact with _____ taste buds

Answer 48

Posterior

Question 49

True or False? Sensitivity and taste are relative, NOT absolute

Answer 49

True

Question 50

True or False? Sweet sensations are tasted at the anterior tip of the tongue

Answer 50

FALSE -- **could** be true; remember that a taste map is **relative NOT absolute**

Question 51

A single _______ papillae can usually detect more than one quality

Answer 51

fungiform

Question 52

The functional redundancy of the taste system makes it _____ in the face of partial taste loss

Answer 52

Resilient

Question 53

A study was conducted... 1. Chorda tympani anesthesized on one size of the tongue (via middle ear) 2. Observed intensity and taste stimuli of anterior tongue 3. Taste stimuli are undetectable on the tongue _________ to the anesthesia

Answer 53

ipsilateral

Question 54

Chorda Tympani nerve anesthesia (unilateral or bilateral) produces ______ effects on "whole mouth" perception

Answer 54

minimal

Question 55

1. CT & Lingual nerve damage can be caused by _______ surgery. 2. CT nerve damage can be also caused by ______ surgery 3. Damage will have negligible effects on "\_\_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_" taste

Answer 55

1. 3rd molar surgery 2. middle ear surgery 3. whole mouth

Question 56

Perceptual effects of damage or anesthesia of a single taste nerve can be clearly detected with _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ testing

Answer 56

special spatial

Question 57

True or False When a person is allowed to use all of the taste buds in their mouth, effects of damage or anesthesia to a single nerve seem **minor**

Answer 57

TRUE

Question 58

True or False The number of taste papillae slightly declines with age

Answer 58

FALSE