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Oral Histology Exam II (BLW) > Aveolar Bone > Flashcards

Aveolar Bone Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

The mandible consists of both spongy and compact bone

A

TRUE

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2
Q

The ________ contains the neurovascular supply for the bone

A

Periosteum

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3
Q

Haversion System

  1. Name for the walls around the canal
  2. Where are nerves and blood supplied?
  3. Main Cell component?
  4. Name for cortical bone between osteons
  5. Name for connection between osteons
A
  1. Concentric Lamellae
  2. Central Canal
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Interstitial Lamellae
  5. Volkmann’s Canals
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4
Q

A primary osteon is formed _______ remodeling while the secondary osteon is formed _______ remodeling

A

Before

After

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5
Q

True or False?

Trabecular/Spongy bone contains Haversian Systems

A

FALSE

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6
Q

Name the organic and inorganic components of the bone matrix

A
  1. Inorganic – hydroxyapatite
  2. Organic – Type I collagen
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7
Q

Bone Cells are ultimately derived from a ________ stem cell

A

Mesenchymal

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8
Q

True or False

Osteocytes are derived from monocytes

A

FALSE

Osteoclasts

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9
Q

True or False?

MSC’s have a very fast growth rate

A

True

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10
Q

Recent research has shown success of MSC’s extracted from pigs to regenerate _______ in human cranio-facial region

A

regenerate bone

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11
Q

Research shows that MSC’s extracted from the _______ grow much faster than those extracted from the ______

A

Mandible

TIbia

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12
Q

TERM – procedure that lengthens long bones, very long time to ossify, scientists thought the use of MSC’s would speed up the process of ossification

A

Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis (MDO)

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13
Q

What is one potential reason why MSC’s of the mandible are such fast growing cells?

A

The density of the bone MSC’s are extracted from may play a role in the growth rate

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14
Q

Name the 4 steps of MSC surgery

A
  1. MSC transplantation
  2. MSC survival and proliferation
  3. MSC differentiates into osteoblasts
  4. New bone formation
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15
Q

What minerals are needed in order for osteoblasts to form new bone?

A

Calcium

Phosphorus

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16
Q

Name this type of cell

  1. Location – on bone surface
  2. Cuboidal in shape
  3. Mononucleated
  4. Basophilic cytoplasm (RER)
A

Osteoblasts

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17
Q

The major function of osteoblasts

A

Synthesizes and secretes extracellular matrix

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18
Q

The regulation of matrix minteralization is regulated by several enzymes such as…

A
  1. TNAP
  2. NPP1
  3. NTP
  4. ANK
  5. BSP
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19
Q

Name the proteons that simulates osteoclast differentiation and maturation

A

RANKL

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20
Q

OPG binds to ______ and indirectly inhibits osteoclast differentiation

A

RANKL

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21
Q

TERM–

  • derived from osteoblasts when buried in the matrix
  • Located in the lacunae inside the matrix
  • MOST abundant type of cell in bone
  • Mononucleated
  • Multiple dendritic processes
A

Osteocytes – bone-maintaining Cells

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22
Q

Osteocytes regulate ______ & osteoclasts through cell processes to help maintain bone vitality and function

A

osteoblasts

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23
Q

After sensing ________, bone formation/resorption is regulated via ___/____ system

A

Loading

OPG/RANKL

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24
Q

True or False?

Osteoclasts are teh largest of all bone cell types

A

TRUE

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25
Q

What is a unique feature about osteoclasts compared to other bone cells?

A

Multinucleated!!

26
Q

Do osteoclasts demineralize or mineralize bone?

A

Demineralize bone!

Degrade organic matrix

Endocytosis of degraded products

27
Q

Bone Lining Cells:

  1. _______ spindle shape
  2. Location?
  3. Ovoid ____-nucleus
  4. Amount of organelles?
A
  1. Flattened
  2. On bone surface
  3. mono-nucleus
  4. Few organelles
28
Q

True or False

Although bone lining cells’ function is uncertain, it is thought to be induced to proliferate and differentiate osteoblasts

A

TRUE

29
Q

Name the 3 processes for bone formation

1.

2.

3.

A
  1. Endochondral Ossification
  2. Intramembranous Ossification
  3. Sutural Bone Formation
30
Q

True or False?

The surface and sutures of the jaw are formed via endochondral ossification while the condyle is formed via intramembranous ossification

A

FALSE

The surface and sutures of the jaw are formed via intramembranous ossification while the condyle is formed via endochondral ossification

31
Q

When referring to bone ____, it is referencing …

  1. the overall bone size and shape &
  2. bone formation and resorption at different locations
A

Modeling

32
Q

When referring to bone ________, it is referring to..

  1. replacement of the existing bone
  2. Bone formation and resorption is at the same location but occurs at different times
A

Remodeling

33
Q

List the 5 steps in the remodeling cycle

  1. Activation

2.

  1. Reversal

4.

  1. Resting
A
  1. Activation
  2. Resorption
  3. Reversal
  4. Formation
  5. Resting
34
Q

Secondary Osteons are important for ______ bone remoedling

A

Cortical (compact)

35
Q

True or False?

Trabuecular (spongy) bone remodeling starts at the bone surfaces

A

True

36
Q

Is the bone remodeling rate higher in adults or children?

A

Children

37
Q

True or False

Formation Time >>> Resorption Time

A

True

38
Q

Which remodels faster?

Trabecular or Cortical bone?

A

Trabecular Bone

–think of light spongy bone… less time to mineralize

39
Q

What disease can occur is there is an unbalanced formation or resorption?

A

Osteoporosis

40
Q

The alvelolar bone is broken into 2 types

  1. _______ bone (more internal)
  2. _______ bone (more external)
A
  1. Bundle Bone
  2. Cortical Bone
41
Q

The Alveolar bone which is in the _____ of the mandible consists of trabecular and compact bone

A

Apical 1/3

42
Q

The lower portion of the mandible consists of the _______ bone

A

Basal

43
Q

The interdental septum has two layers of bone

1.

2.

A
  1. Bundle Bone
  2. Supporting Bone
44
Q

What insert it’s fibers into the bundle bone layer?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

45
Q

What cells might you see on the bone surface in a histological section?

A
  1. Osteoblasts
  2. Bone Lining Cells
46
Q

What cells are present between Sharpey’s fibers?

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. MSC’s
  3. Vascular Cells
47
Q

Jaw bone mesenchyme is developed from ____ ____ ____ from branchial arch # __?

A

Neural Crest Cells

Arch 1

48
Q

True or False?

Postnatal growth of the alveolar process is highly correlated with tooth eruption

A

True

49
Q

TERM – occurs due to poor development of alveolar bone

A

Tooth agenesis

50
Q

During growth of the alveolar bone, bone resorption occurs where?

A

Lingual Surface and buccal bundle bone

51
Q

During alveolar bone growth, bone formation occurs where?

A
  1. Vertically at crests along with tooth eruption
  2. Transversely at buccal surfaces and lingual bundle
52
Q

Give a few risk factors for alveolar bone loss

A
  1. Periodontal Disease
  2. Tooth loss and mobility
  3. Pathology
  4. Systemic Disease
  5. Medication side effects
  6. Trauma, parafunction, excessive orthodontic force
53
Q

Give a few techniques for alveolar bone preservation

A
  1. Guided bone regeneration with bioabsorbably membranes
  2. Bovine-derived bone grafy
  3. Mineralized human allograft
  4. Immediate Implants
54
Q

True or False?

During orthodontic movement, the interdental septum is relocated but not removed

A

True

55
Q

When moving a tooth orthodontically, one side of the tooth will have bone ______ while the other side of the tooth will have bone ______.

A

remodeling

formation

56
Q

What attaches and adapts to bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement?

A

PDL

57
Q

True or False?

For the side bone that is resorbing, the PDL detaches

A

TRUE

58
Q

True or False?

Osteoclasts are usually present in the PDL

A

FALSE

59
Q

Upon receiving compressive forces, what are recruited from the _____ _____ or _____ ______ to act on bone resorption

A

Blood flow (light pressure)

or bone marrow (heavy pressure)

60
Q

The site of bone formation is the side of the tooth that the tooth moves (away/towards)?

A

Away

61
Q

Name 4 possible sources of osteoblasts

A
  1. Already present at bone surface
  2. MSC in the PDL
  3. MSC in the bone marrow
  4. Bone Lining Cells

Oral Histology Exam II (BLW) (7 decks)

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