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Oral Histology Exam II (BLW) > Mucous Membranes > Flashcards

Mucous Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

True or False?

The mucous membrane of the mouth is considered to be an organ because it consists of multiple types of tissues working together in harmony

A

TRUE

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2
Q

Name the 2 types of tissues that make up the oral mucous membrane

A
  1. Oral Epithelium
  2. Connective Tissue
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3
Q

What all makes up the connective tissue of the oral mucosa?

A
  1. Lamina Propria & ****sometimes a submucosa layer
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Minor salivary glands
  4. Ducts of both major and minor salivary glands
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4
Q

Type of tissue tht is embedded in the oral mucosa at the lingual and palatine tonsils

A

Lymphoid Tissue

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5
Q

What part of the oral mucosa serves at the protective barrier?

A

Epithelium

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6
Q

What part of the oral mucosa serves as anti-microbial protection?

A
  1. Lamina Propria’s Immune Cells
  2. Epithelial cells synthesize and secrete several antimicrobial molecules such as beta-defensins
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7
Q

TERM – cysteine-rich, cationic, bind to negative charges on bacterial membranes and permeabilize

A

Beta-Defensins

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8
Q

True or False?

The oral mucosa is highly innervated

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Which option is more capable of more types of sensations?

  1. Oral Mucosa
  2. Pulp/dentin & PDL
A

Oral Mucosa

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10
Q

Dentin and Pulp receive sensations of?

A

PAIN

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11
Q

The PDL receives sensations of _____ &_____?

A

Pain and Proprioception

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12
Q

The oral mucosa receives sensations of…

1.

2.

3.

4.

A
  1. Touch
  2. Pain
  3. Innocuous Thermal
  4. Taste
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13
Q

True or False

The oral mucosa varies by region but is consistent with 2 types of tissue:

  1. Epithelium
  2. Submucosa
A

FALSE

  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective Tissue

(Submucosa is not always present in the connective tissue layer) – Basal Lamina IS present

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14
Q

TERM – defines ALL oral epithelium

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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15
Q

The deepest layers of the oral epithelium are responsible for _____ ______ while the superficial layers are mature and are sloughed off

A

Cell Division

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16
Q

Name another type of organ that has the same type of tissue as the oral mucosa?

A

Skin

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17
Q

Name the type of epithelium in blood vessels

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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18
Q

A fast epithelial turnover can be

Great for?

Bad for?

A

Great – speed healing

Bad – more vulnerable to conditions that affect cell division

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19
Q

Rank the following in order from fastest to slowest epithelial turnover rates

  • taste buds
  • cheek
  • junctional epithelium
  • gingiva
  • gut
  • skin
A
  1. Gut
  2. Junctional Epithelium
  3. Taste Buds
  4. Cheek
  5. Gingiva
  6. Skin
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20
Q

TERM – time is takes for the epithelium to entirely replace itself

A

Turnover Time

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21
Q

A faster turnover can be harmful for patients that under go __________ for cancer

A

Chemotherapy

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22
Q

True or False?

Effects of head/neck radiotherapy can lead to diffuse mucositis/ulcers

A

TRUE

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23
Q

TERM – most numerous cell type in the epithelium

A

Keratinocytes

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24
Q

Keratinocytes are named based off of a their expressed protein called ____

A

cytokeratin

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25
Q

True or False?

Most of the epithelial volume is occupied by cells

A

TRUE

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26
Q

True or False?

The oral epithelium only consists of keratinocytes

A

False!

Non-keratinocytes too!

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27
Q

Name the 3 types of non-keratinized cells of the oral epithelium

A
  1. Merkel Cells
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Langerhans
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28
Q

These 2 non-keratinized cell types are located in the _______ layer and which one produces a ‘halo’ cytoplasm?

1.

2.

A
  1. Merkel Cells
  2. Melanocytes – halo

Located in the basal layer

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29
Q

What type of non-keratinocytes have immune functions and are also considered to be dendritic cells?

A

Langerhans

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30
Q

You would be able to differentiate a Merkel cell from a Langerhans cell by atleast 3 characteristics:

1.

2.

3.

A
  1. Merkel Cell –NO halo
  2. Langerhan is more supra-basal compared to Merkel cells (and melanocytes) in the basal layer
  3. Langerhan cells have dendritic cell processes
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31
Q

How would you be able to distinguish a Langerhan cell from a Melanocyte?

A

LOCATION

  1. Melanocytes are @ the basal layer
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32
Q

What is responsible for the “halo” effect in non-keratinized epithelial cells?

A

Lack of cytokeratin – no staining of cytokeratin

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33
Q

Type of non-keratinocyte that contains melanin pigment packed in melanosomes

A

Melanocyte

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34
Q

Keratinized or Non Keratinized?

Alveolar Mucosa?

Gingiva?

A

Alveolar Mucosa? – Non-keratinized

Gingiva? – Keratinized

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35
Q

True or False

Keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium do not have distinctive clinical appearances

A

FALSE - they dooo

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36
Q

True or False?

Both Keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium contain keratinocytes that express cytokeratins

A

TRUE

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37
Q

Major function for cytokeratins?

A

Provide skeletal support when assembled into intermediate filaments

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38
Q

Types of Cytokeratinocytes (progression)

??

A
  1. Monomer
  2. Parallel Dimer
  3. Antiparallel Tetramer
  4. Intermediate Filament
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39
Q

Different sets of cytokeratins are expressed by

  1. Different ________ ________
  2. Different ______ _________
A
  1. Different Epithelial Layers
  2. Different Epithelial Tissues
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40
Q

TERM –

  • not only do these provide mechanical support to cells…
  • they are an intracellular component of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes
A

Cytokeratins

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41
Q

Name this clinical defect

  • Mutations in cytokeratins 5/14 – basal layer
  • Rare
  • Blistering in response to minor trauma
  • most severe in epidermis but can also have oral consequences
  • Sensitive to the slight touches (toothbrush)
A

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EB Simplex)

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42
Q

True or False

Non-keratinized epithelium is tougher and more impermeable compared to keratinized epithelium which is more flexible

A

FALSE

Keratinized epithelium is tougher and more impermeable compared to non-keratinized epithelium which is more flexible

43
Q

Which is Non-keratinized epithelium?

  • gingiva
  • buccal mucosa
  • hard palate
A

Buccal Mucosa

44
Q

Which is Keratinized epithelium?

  • gingiva
  • buccal mucosa
  • soft palate
  • Alveolar mucosa
A

Gingiva

45
Q

True or False?

Both Keratinized and Non-keratinized epithelium have a basal layer and prickle cell layer

A

TRUE

46
Q

When viewing a histological image, how might you determine the difference between keratinized vs non-keratinized epithelium?

A

Look at the most superficial layer

Non-keratinized epithelium WILL have cells with organelles in the SF layer unlike Keratinized epithelium which will have a layer of dehydrated cells with NO organelles

47
Q

True or False

Reguardless of keratinized vs non-keratinized epithelium, the amount of cytokeratin INCREASES in superficial layers

A

TRUE

48
Q

Different cytokeratinocytes contribute to differences in _________ properties of keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial

A

Mechanical

49
Q

What properties do cytokeratins have in keratinized epithelium?

A
  1. Promote aggregation
  2. Promote binding to fillagrin
  3. Superficial layers consist of very flat cells, dehydrated, no organelles, packed with cytokeratin
50
Q

What properties do cytokeratins have in non-keratinized epithelium?

A
  1. Do NOT promote aggregation
  2. Superficial layers are NOT flat or dehydrated, retain nuclei and organelles, contain cytokeratin tonofilaments
51
Q

Keratinized epithelium is _______ but less ________ than non-keratinized epithelium

A

Tougher

Flexible

52
Q

Are desmosomes more numerous in keratinized or non-keratinized epithelium?

A

Keratinized

53
Q

What contribute to permeability factors in the different types of epithelium?

A

Desmosomes

54
Q

Membrane coated granules:

  1. Filled with?
  2. First appear in what layer?
  3. Released in what layer?
  4. Non-keratinized or keratinized or both?
  5. Serves as an _____ ____ to aqueous substances
  6. What creates the effectiveness of the barrier in keratinized epithelium?
A
  1. Glycolipids
  2. Upper prickle cell layer
  3. Released in more superficial layers to coat cell
  4. BOTH keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium
  5. intercellular barrier
  6. differences in chemical composition
55
Q

True or False?

Membrane thickening is more pronounced in keratinized epithelium

A

True

56
Q

The cornified envelope which is more pronounced in ________ epithelium consists of 15nm cross-linked protein sheat comprised of ________ & other proteins

A

Keratinized

Loricril

57
Q

TERM– name for epithelium which is a hybrid between keratinized and non-keratinized epitheilium

A

Parakeratinized Epithelium

58
Q

True or False?

Some nuclei are retained in parakeratinized epithelium

A

True

59
Q

Name 2 other types of keratinizaton

A
  1. Incomplete keratinization
  2. Hyperkeratiniztion
60
Q

Unlike the epithelial layer, the lamina propria is occupied mostly by _____

A

ECM

61
Q

Name the type of cell NOT present in the lamina propria layer

  • fibroblasts
  • macrophages
  • keratinocytes
  • mast cells
A

Keratinocytes

62
Q

Most numerous cell type in the lamina propria?

A

Fibroblasts

63
Q

Proteoglycans, GAG’s, glycoproteins, collagen I&III and elastin are all components of the _____ in the lamina propria

A

ECM

64
Q

A more flexible region of the oral cavity will have a greater amount of ____ collagen and lower amount of ______ collagen

A

Type III

Type I

65
Q

Since the gingival is not as flexible as the buccal mucosa, what type of collagen would you suspect to see more of?

A

Type I

66
Q

If you see tiny black dots that are stained for type I collagen, what is the histological technique?

A

Immunogold labeling

67
Q

True or False?

Elastin is more prominent in the oral mucosa than in the pulp or PDL

A

TRUE

68
Q

How is the epithelial and connective tissue layer connected?

A

Convoluted border consisting of rete pegs (epithelium) and connective tissue papillae (connective tissue) = PAPILLARY LAYER

69
Q

True or False?

The length of rete pegs differs from location?

A

True

70
Q

Areas in the oral cavity where mastication forces are strong will most likely have (short//long) rete pegs?

A

Long

71
Q

________ of the gingiva reflects underlying pegs and connective tissue papillae

A

Stippling

72
Q

What might be found in the submucosa layer (CT)

A
  1. Large blood vessels
  2. Nerves
  3. Glands

** supplying the lamina propria

73
Q

The submucosa separates the lamina propria from ____?

A

Bone

74
Q

True or False?

The submucosa layer is present in the tongue, gingiva, rugae region, and median raphe region

A

False

75
Q

The gingiva and hard palate are examples of______ mucosa

A

Mastictory

76
Q

Masticatory Mucosa is more rigid or flexible than lining mucosa?

A

Rigid

77
Q

The following are examples of ______ Mucosa

  1. Alveolar Mucosa
  2. Soft Palate
  3. Cheek
  4. Underside of tongue
  5. Floor of mouth
A

Lining Mucosa

78
Q

Would an injection site be more or less painful if given to areas of lining mucosa?

A

Less painful

79
Q

What type of mucosa is less likely to gap if an incision is made?

A

Masticatory Mucosa

80
Q

True or False?

The lining mucosa varies thickness levels between different areas of the oral cavity

A

TRUE

81
Q

Is submucosa present in the lining mucosa?

A

Yes, usually

82
Q

Compared to the masticatory mucosa, how would you describe the connective tissue papillae of the lining mucosa?

A

Short & Broad connective tissue papillae

83
Q

What are the 3 regions of the lips?

A
  1. Exterior Skin
  2. Vermillion Zone
  3. Labial Mucosa
84
Q

True or False?

Of the lip region, the exterior skin and vermillion border are considered to be keratinized epithelium

A

True

85
Q

Mucous glands are located on which part of the lip epithelium?

A

Labial Mucosa

86
Q

What is a logical explanation for why the vermillion zone of the lips becomes very dry?

A

No sweat OR mucous glands

87
Q

Hair follicles are associated with which part of lip epithelium?

A

Exterior skin

88
Q

Why is the vermillion border a distinguishable red-pink “line”?

A

Very superficial blood vessels

89
Q

Superficial _____ ____ are present in the connective tissue papillae of the vermillion border epithelium region of the lips

A

capillary loops

90
Q

Describe the lamina propria of the masticatory mucosa

A

Very dense; more collagen fibers and less elastic fibers

91
Q

The submucosa is variably present in the ____ ____

A

Hard palate

92
Q

Instead of the submucosa, ______ is present in gingiva?

A

Mucoperiosteum

93
Q

Describe the appearance of the connective tissue papillae

A

Many long and tin connective tissue papillae

94
Q

TERM – part of the free gingiva which faces the tooth, generally non-keratinized

A

Sulcular Epithelium

95
Q

TERM –

  • forms seat with hard tissue (enamel & cementum)
  • oriented along the long axis of the tooth
  • straight BM
  • Simple epithelium -keratin expression
  • relatively non-differentiated cells
  • highly permeable
A

Junctional Epithelium

96
Q

What consequences might a highly permeable junctional epithelium have?

A
  1. Suseptibility to bacteria
  2. Increased inflammatory molecules
97
Q

Name the 2 types of basal lamina for the junctional epithelium

A
  1. external – JE/LP
  2. internal – JE/tooth
98
Q

What 3 things are not present in internal BL but are present in external BL?

A
  1. Type IV collagen
  2. Proteoglycan BM-1
  3. Type VII collagen
99
Q

What collagen components of the basal lamina provide direct connection to the collagen fibrils of the lamina propria

A
  1. Lamina Densa
  2. Anchoring Fibril
100
Q

Name 3 unique proteins that are produced by ameloblasts during the maturation phase (internal BL of JE)

A
  1. AMTN – amelotin
  2. ODAM – odontogenic ameloblast assoc.
  3. SCPPPQ1 – secretory calcium binding photphoproteins proline-glutamine rich 1
101
Q

When the 3 unique proteins made by ameloblasts are mixed together, they form a _____ _____ hypothesized to facilitate sealing of the JE to tooth surface

A

Porous Stucture

102
Q

True or False?

JE can regenerate rapidly

Can also occur around implants

A

TRUE

103
Q

Vascular supply of what 3 components go to supply the gingiva

A
  1. PDL
  2. Interdental septa
  3. Oral Mucosa
104
Q

________ ________ demonstrates the blood vessels in the papillary layer of the gingiva using crevicular fluid

A

Fluorescein Angiopathy

Oral Histology Exam II (BLW) (7 decks)

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