Oral Prep Flashcards
Eligibility for IR
• 50 hours x-country PIC time.
➢ Of which, 10 hours in airplanes.
• 40 hours actual or simulated instrument time
➢ Of which 15 hours with CFII
• Including one x-country flight of:
• 250 NM
• Along airways or by directed ATC routing
• An inst. App. At each airport
• 3 different kinds of approaches using nav. systems
• With a filed IFR flight plan
➢ 3 hours in last 2 cal. Months prior to the practical test
Ramp checked - what do I show the inspector
FAR 61.3 & 61.5 –Pilot– 1. Pilot certificate 2. Medical certificate class and date 3. Type of ratings by category 4. Airplane class rating 5. Rotorcraft class rating 6. Type of rating 7. Lighter-than-air rating 8. Instrument rating a. Airplane b. Helicopter
–Aircraft–
- Placarding
- Obvious defects
- Airworthiness Certificate
- Registration
- N marking correct
- Annual inspection
- Transponder date
- Compass card
- Minimum equipment list
- Flight manual
- AD current
- ELT date
- Data plates
- Weight and Balance
6 HIT rule, what can be done in the simulator (ATD)
In the last 6 months, 6 HITS:
– 6 instrument approaches
– Holding procedures & tasks
– TRACKING and intercepting courses through the use of electronic navigation SYSTEMS
Or, use an ATD in the last 2 calendar months:
– 3 hours instrument experience
– Holding procedures & tasks
– 2 unusual attitude recoveries in a DESCENDING VNE conditions
– 2 unusual attitudes recoveries in an ASCENDING stall speed condition
Not current 6 months? Fly 6 HITS with a safety pilot.
Not current 12 months?? Need an IPC.
What is an IPC and what is in it (91.205)
IPC can be conducted with a CFII, examiner, or “approved person.”
Certain tasks can be completed in the simulator, but a full IPC can only be conducted in the actual aircraft or in certain full-motion simulators.
IPC must contain:
(i) Air traffic control clearances and procedures;
(ii) Flight by reference to instruments;
(iii) Navigation systems;
(iv) Instrument approach procedures;
(v) Emergency operations; and
(vi) Postflight procedures.
Compass errors ANDS/UNOS
ANDS (true in the NORTHERN hemisphere): Acceleration North, Deceleration South - If on an east or west heading, acceleration results in a northerly turning indication and deceleration results in a southerly turning indication
UNOS: Undershoot North, Overshoot South - In the NORTHERN hemisphere, UNDERshoot your heading. In the SOUTHERN hemisphere, OVERshoot your heading.
Required instruments
– ATOMATOFLAMES Altimeter Tachometer Oil Pressure Gauge Manifold Pressure Gauge Airspeed Indicator Engine Temperature Gauge Oil Temperature Gauge
Fuel Gauges Landing Gear Position Indicator Anti-Collision Lights Magnetic Direction Indicator ELT Seatbelts
–– FLAPB (VFR Night) Fuses Landing Light Alternator/Generator Position Lights Battery (source of power)
– GRAB CARD (IFR) Generator/Alternator Radio Altimeter (Sensitive) Ball
Clock
Attitude Indicator
Rate of turn indicator
Directional Gyro
VOR testing (91.171)
VFR needs to be checked every 30 DAYS • VOT ±4° • Repair station ±4° • VOR ground checkpoint ±4° • VOR airborne checkpoint ±6° • Dual VOR cross-check ±4° • Above a prominent ground landmark on a selected radial at least 20 NM from a VOR, flying at a “reasonably low altitude” ±6°
[CHECK ON THIS] Hierarchy of VOR testing - what test do I use first
X
- GPS and testing
X
- How can I use GPS
X
- GPS certification and retrofitting (STCs) certification - airplane with different factory equipment
X
- Frost on the wings - clean aircraft concept, check the POH
X
How would I deice if I find frost of the wing
- Remove any snow from the airplane using a soft brush
–– Do not scrape with force to avoid damaging the wings
––Don’t scrape the windows like a car - If it cannot be removed with gentle brushing, melt it in the hangar or use de-icing fluid
–Deice– - Remove any snow from the airplane using a soft brush.
- Spray de-icing fluid onto ice-covered surfaces using a suitable spray brush
- Use a soft piece of cloth to wipe the airplane dry
- Understand icing
X
- Why is it safe to fly
X
- Explain how ForeFlight is determining WCA, fuel, and performance and explain where the data comes from
X
- Low enroute chart - MEA, OROCA, MOCA, T Route, Q Route
- MCA – Minimum Crossing Altitude.
- MEA – Minimum En route Altitude. Assures navigation coverage and 1000’ (non-mountainous terrain) or 2000’ (mountainous) obstacle clearance.
- MOCA – Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude. Provides navigation coverage and obstacle clearance within 22 NM of the NAVAID.
- MORA – Minimum Off-Route Altitude. (Jeppesen charts). Including grid and route MORA.
- MRA – Minimum Reception Altitude
- MVA – Minimum Vectoring Altitude.
- OROCA – Off-Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (NACO charts). Assures obstacle clearance within 4NM of course. 1000’ over non-mountainous terrain; 2000’ over mountainous terrain.
- Go over approach plates - study MSN
X
- Understand approach plate symbols
X
- Datablock near DuPage (MON) minimum operations network
X
- How to obtain clearances at UGN and uncontrolled
X
How to pick up clearance in the air
FSS (radio or phone), Clearance Delivery, Chicago Approach, Center
“Chicago Approach, DiamondStar 556JM is 5 miles west of Waukegan, 2,500, ready to copy IFR clearance to Lake In The Hills”
- Departure procedures, ODPs
X
- Intercept an airway without going direct to a fix
X
- Contact departure and no-one answers
X
Lost comms procedures
MEA (Altitude) - fly the highest of:
- Minimum
- Expected
- Assigned
AVEF (Route) - fly the following order:
- Assigned
- Vectored (fly to the fix/route/airway last vectored to)
- Expected
- Filed
- Electrical or alternator failure
–Electrical–
- Set emergency switch ON
- Use the flood light if necessary
- Set power based on lever positions and engine noise
- Land ASAPractical
- Full electrical failure - what do I lose what do I have, what to do
x
- Approach briefing - loc vs ils
X
When can you descend below minimums 91.175
– Obviously, if the runway is in sight – We CAN descend 100 feet below minimums if we see one of the following: 1. Approach light system, red terminating bars or red side row bars must be visible/identifiable 2. Runway threshold 3. Runway threshold markings 4. Runway threshold lights 5. Runway end identifier lights 6. VASI/PAPI 7. Touchdown zone markings 8. Touchdown zone lights 9. Runway or runway markings 10. Runway lights
Turned around C in a black circle on approach plate
There was a change to the TERPS criteria in 2012 that affects circling area dimension by expanding the areas to provide improved obstacle protection. To indicate that the new criteria had been applied to a given procedure, the inverted C in a black circle is placed on the circling line of minimums. The new circling tables and explanatory information is located in the Legend of the TPP.
How to enter a hold
X
Holding procedures
X
How to fly a DME arc
X
How would I fly JVL ILS 4
X
GPS on an approach that is not a GPS approach
We can use GPS up until the FAF (on a non-localizer approach), and until the segment requiring localizer navigation on a LOC, ILS, SDF, or LDA approach, but it’s wise to use the appropriate navigation system prior to that point to create a stabilized approach..
During the missed approach, GPS can be used at anytime unless the missed approach requires navigating via the localizer, in which case the localizer must be used until the procedure no longer requires it.
What errors does the magnetic compass have?
- Variation
–– the difference between true and magnetic directions - Deviation
–– local magnetic fields in an aircraft caused by electrical current flowing in the structure conflicting with the Earth’s magnetic field - Northerly-Turning Errors
–– If on a north heading and a turn is started to the east or west, the compass indication lags or indicates a turn in the opposite direction. - Southerly-Turning Errors
–– If on a south heading and a turn is started toward the east or west, the compass indication precedes the turn, indicating a greater amount of turn than is actually occurring. - Acceleration Error
–– If on an east or west heading, acceleration results in a north turn indication; deceleration results in a south turn indication (ANDS - Acceleration NORTH | Deceleration SOUTH). - Oscillation Error
–– combination of all the other errors and results in the compass card swinging back and forth around the actual heading being flown
