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C C D 2 > Oral pathology in children > Flashcards

Oral pathology in children Flashcards

1
Q

What are natal teeth?

A

Teeth at birth

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2
Q

What are Neo-natal teeth

A

They are teeth that appear within 30 days of birth

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3
Q

How common are natal teeth?

A

1 in 2000

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4
Q

How common are neonatal teeth

A

1 in 3500

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5
Q

Where are natal and neonatal teeth most common

A

Mandibular midline

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6
Q

What are the problems associated with natal/neonatal teeth?

A

If mobile teeth then the risk of aspiration
Breast feeding
Riga-fede ulceration

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7
Q

How can we treat natal/neonatal teeth?

A

Extract if any risks

Monitor

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8
Q

List some oral pathology that can be present in newborns

A

Dental lamina cysts
Bohns nodules
Epstein pearls
Congenital epulis of new-born

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9
Q

Where are dental lamina cysts found?

A

At the crest of ridges

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10
Q

What are bohns nodules?

A

AThey are remnants of the dental lamina

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11
Q

Where are Bohns nodules usually found?

A

Maxillary alveolar ridge

Salivary grand remnants

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12
Q

Where are Epstein’s pearls found?

A

Hard palate

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13
Q

Where are Bohn’s nodules usually found?

A

Maxillary alveolar ridge

Salivary grand remnants

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14
Q

Where are Epstein’s pearls found?

A

in the Hard palate

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15
Q

What are Epstein’s pearls?

A

Epithelial remnants

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16
Q

Describe congenita espuli of newborn

A

benign and can be found on the alveolar ridge

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17
Q

How do we treat congenital puli of newborns

A

Simple excision

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18
Q

When do children start teething

A

9 months

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19
Q

What are some problems associated with teething?

A

Irritability
Rash
Drooling
Systemic upset
Temperature

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20
Q

How can we manage teething?

A

1.Teething toys
2. Analgesics

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21
Q

Describe eruption cysts.

A

They are bluish in color, filled with fluid usually found overlying the erupting teeth

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22
Q

How do we treat eruption cysts?

A

Usually self limiting but very rarely become infected

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23
Q

What is regional odontodysplasia?

A

Ghost teeth- rare

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24
Q

What does regional odontodysplasia affect?

A

Both dentitions in one areas/ quadrant

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25
Q

What happens in regional odontodysplasia?

A

Gross malformation of enamel and dentine

reason? possibly due to disruption in blood supply early in development

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26
Q

reasons we can have a premature loss of primary teeth?

A

1)
Local reasons such as infection (caries) or trauma
2. Systemic etiology

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27
Q

examples of systemic aetiology that can lead to premature loss of primary teeth?

A

1) Structural defects
2. Cellular defects

28
Q

Give examples of structural defects that can lead to premature loss of primary teeth

A

Alveolar bone loss
Periodontal ligament Defects
Cementum defects

29
Q

What can cause alveolar bone destruction?

A

1)
Langerhan cell histocytosis
2. Acrodynia

30
Q

What can cause periodontal ligament defects

A

1)
Ehlers danlos
2. Vitamin C deficiency

31
Q

What can cause cementum defects

A

Hypophophatasia

32
Q

The defect in which cell can lead to premature primary tooth loss

A

Neutrophil defect

33
Q

How can neutrophils be defective?

A

1)
Quantitive (less of them)
2. Qualitative

34
Q

What can lead to a quantitive defect in neutrophils?

A

1)
Cyclic neutropenia
2. Aplastic anaemia

35
Q

What can lead to a qualitative defect in neutrophils?

A

Chediak Higashi
Papilion lefevre
Leucocyte adhesion deficiency

36
Q

What are epulids?

A

Lump or swelling on the gingiva

37
Q

what are pyogenic granulomas?

A

They are very vascular and develop secondary to chronic irritation

38
Q

What is the end stage of a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Fibroepithelial polyp

39
Q

Describe peripheral giant cell granulomas

A

They are very hemorrhage

Darker in colour than pyogenic granulomas

40
Q

Describe geographic tongue

A

Characteristic area of erosion
Whitish margins
Disappears and reappears
Occasionally symptomatic

41
Q

What does gingival hyperplasia usually occur secondary to

A

Drug / medication use

42
Q

Give examples of medication that can cause drug-induced hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin
Cyclosporin A
Nifedipine

43
Q

What is phenytoin

A

An anti convulsant used to manage epilepsy

44
Q

What is cyclosporin A used for

A

It is an immunosuppressant

45
Q

what is nifedipine

A

anti hypertensive

46
Q

How do we manage gingival hyperplasia

A

Maintain oral hygiene
Chlorhexidine mouth rinses
Gingivectomy
Drug choice

47
Q

What is a mucocele?

A

A mucous extraneous cyst

48
Q

Why do mucocele cysts form

A

Due to damage to minor salivary gland causing leakage of saliva into tissues

49
Q

What is a ranula

A

A mucous cyst in the floor of the mouth

50
Q

Why do ranulas form?

A

Usually secondary to damage to the duct

51
Q

What is an oral ulceration?

A

Localized defect of the oral mucosa in which the covering epithelium is destroyed leaving an inflamed area of exposed connective tissue

52
Q

Talk through the surgical sieve

A

Infective?
Traumatic?
Neoplastic?
Immunological?
Nutritional?
Inflammatory?

53
Q

What are orofacial granulomatosis?

A

Perioral and gingival swelling assocated with crohns disease

54
Q

What is recurrent aphthous ulceration associated with?

A

Increased stress
Nutritional deficiency status
Trauma

55
Q

What is the treatment of recurrent apathous ulceration dependant on?

A

Symptoms

56
Q

How do we treat recurrent aphthous ulceration

A

Address nutritional deficiencies
Chlorohexidine to prevent secondary caries
Corlan tablets or adcortyl for anti-inflammation
Difflam if symptomatic

57
Q

What can bacterial infection lead to

A

Bacterial abcess

58
Q

How do we treat severer odontogenic infections?

A

Admission to hospital
IV antibiotics
Removal of tooth
Drainage of pus

59
Q

What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis caused by

A

Herpes simplex type 1

60
Q

What is the incubation period of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

3-5 days

61
Q

At what age does the incidence of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis peak?

A

14 months

62
Q

What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis characterised by?

A

Fever
Irritability
Malaise
Vesicles on the tongue that rupture to form ulcers

63
Q

How do we treat primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

Paracetamol and the analgesic
Mouth rinses
Fluids

64
Q

What can cold sores be triggered by?

A

Stress
Illness
Sunlight

65
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can affect the oral cavity?

A

A
Herpangina
Hand foot mouth
Chicken pox
Mumps
Measles
Epstein Barr

66
Q

Give examples of fungal infections that can affect the oral cavity

A

Acute psuefomembranous candidiasi

C C D 2 (16 decks)

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