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CCD2 > contemporary orthodontics > Flashcards

contemporary orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

3 main types of appliances used in orthodontics?

A

1)Growth modifications on appliances
Appliances that move teeth within bony 2)envelopes
3)Retainers

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2
Q

What is the aim of growth modification appliances?

A

to alter growth

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3
Q

How do we choose which appliance to use in ortho?

A

The aim of the treatment determines the most appropriate appliance we need to use,
therefore accurate diagnosis is important

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4
Q

What might we want our orthodontic appliances to achieve/improve?

A

Improve-
Appearance
Function
Health

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5
Q

What qualities do we ensure the appliance offers

A

Comfortable treatment
Acceptable look during the treatment
Acceptable treatment time
Lowest possible risk
Long term stability

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6
Q

List the different type of growth modification appliances

A

Class II growth modification
Class III growth modification
Transverse change

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7
Q

What is the aim of class II growth modification appliances?

A

To improve class II dental and skeletal relationship

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8
Q

examples of class II growth modification appliances?

A

Functional appliance

Headgear

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9
Q

At what age are class II growth modification appliances most successful

A

pubertal growth phase: 11-14 years

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10
Q

the different types of functional class II growth modification appliances

A

1) Removable ( twin block and modem opening activator)
2. Fixed

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11
Q

How long does a patent need to wear a removable functional class II growth modification appliances

A

22 hours
only remove when eating/sports/to clean

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12
Q

Describe what a twin block functional class II growth modification appliance:

A

Two pieces that touch together to force the patent to bite forward

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13
Q

What is a medium opening activator

A

A single piece that patient bites into

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14
Q

Describe a fixed functional class II growth modification appliances

A

An appliances that attaches from an upper molar to a lower tooth
Piston arms force patient to bite forward

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15
Q

What aims do functional class II growth modification appliances

A

Procline lower incisors
Retrocline upper incisors
Change molar relationship for class II to class I
Can also correct deep bite

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16
Q

What are the benefits of functional class II growth modification appliances

A

Can correct class II malocclusion
Can have a vertical effect
Small improvements in gavial appearance
Can be used with other fixed appliances §

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17
Q

What are some of the risks associated with functional class II growth modification appliances

A

Failure rate through non-compliance
Can impact on quality of life eg speech, eating, discomfort
Need to take out for sports

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18
Q

What are the benefits of headgear class II growth modification appliances?

A

-Correct class II malocclusion
-Little changes to facial appearance

Can be used in combination with other functional class II growth modification appliances

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19
Q

What are the risks associated with class II growth modification appliances?

A

Failure rate through non-compliance
Can be difficult to get sufficient hours
Risk of damage to intramural, skin and eyes if not fitted properly

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20
Q

What is the aim of Class III growth modification appliances?

A

To correct class III dental and skeletal relationship by either:

Promoting maxillary growth
Restricting mandibular growth
Combination of both

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21
Q

the different types of Class III growth modification appliances

A

Protraction face mask
Reverse functional
Chin cap

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22
Q

What is a protraction face mask

A

A frame that sits on chin and forehead that has elastics to make it fixed or removable

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23
Q

What does a protraction face mask do?

A

pulls maxilla froward using the frame as anchorage

This promotes maxillary growth

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24
Q

How long do you need to wear a protraction face mask

A

> 14 hrs a day

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25
Q

At what age is a protraction face mask most effective

A

8-10 yrs

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26
Q

What are the benefits of a protraction face mask?

A

1) correct class III malocclusion
2. Can promote change to facial appearance

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27
Q

What are the risks associated with a protraction face mask?

A

Failure rate through non-compliance
Can be difficult to get sufficient hours
Impacts quality of life
May not prevent the need for further treatment

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28
Q

What further treatment might be needed following a protraction face mask>?

A

1/3 Of cases need orthodontic treatment later in life

1/3 of patients may still need OGN surgery

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29
Q

What does a reverse functional class III growth modification appliance aim to do

A

Push the mandible back and the maxilla forward

30
Q

What is a chin cap Class III growth modification appliances?

A

A cup on the chin and elastic force around the top of the head
This aims to retrain the mandible

31
Q

Out of the 3 Class III growth modification appliances which is the main one used in the UK?

A

Protraction face mask

32
Q

he aim of transverse change appliances?

A

To correct inter arch transverse relationship usually by expanding the maxilla to correct buccal cross bite

33
Q

When do dentists use transverse change appliances?

A

Before the mid-palatal suture has fused

Around 14-15 years but large variation

34
Q

transverse change appliances?

A

A fit appliance that has an open screw that we tighten twice a day to allow of 0.5mm per day expansion of the maxilla

35
Q

the benefits of transverse change appliances

A

Corrects buccal cross bites
Creates space for aligning teeth
Widens buccal corridor giving better aesthetics

36
Q

What are the risks of transverse change appliances?

A

Can be uncomfortable as the tongue presses against the appliance

Noises+soreness when turning the screw

Nose bless can occur (not common)

If the bone does not split there’s a risk of pushing teeth buccal through cortical bone

there is a
High risk of relapse

37
Q

What are the aims of fixed appliances?

A

To correct malocclusion by repositioning teeth within existing bony envelope

38
Q

What are the Stages of fixed appliances?

A

Align
Level
Correct inter arch relationship
Close spaces
Root/ crown positioning

39
Q

categorise fixed appliances

A

By design
Attachment surface
Material used

40
Q

how can we categorise fixed appliances by design?

A

1)
Conventional winged
2. Self-ligating

41
Q

how can we categorise fixed appliances by attachment surface?

A

Buccal/lingual

42
Q

how can we categorize fixed appliances by material

A

Metal
Ceramic
Plastic

43
Q

Name the most common fixed appliance design

A

Conventional winged

44
Q

What basic principles do fixed appliances use to correct malocclusion

A

3D control
Variable force

The bracket and wire enable force to be transmitted to the tooth

45
Q

What is more important bracket design or wire characteristics?

A

Wire size shape and material only

The bracket design doesn’t make much difference

46
Q

What determines the wire size?

A

Bracket slot size

47
Q

What are the benefits of fixed appliances?

A

Excellent for aligning teeth
Easily adaptable by the clinician
Can correct less severe AnteroPosterior, vertical, and transverse issues
Can be used with other appliances to increase the scope of tooth movement

48
Q

What is the risk associated with fixed appliances?

A

Can be uncomfortable
Risk of decalcification
Can cause root resorption
Risk of gingival recession if tooth movement is not planned well
Can only move teeth within the existing bony envelope

49
Q

some appliances that can be used alongside fixed appliances?

A

Quadhelix appliance
Transpalatal arch
Temporary anchorage devices

50
Q

What does a Quadhelix appliance do

A

Used to expand t5he maxillary arch

51
Q

What does a transpalatal arch do?

A

Supports anchorage

52
Q

What is another name for temporary anchorage devices?

A

Mini screws

53
Q

What do temporary anchorage devices do?

A

They provide a traction point for force application

54
Q

What is the aim of removable orthodontic appliances?

A

To correct malocclusion by repositioning teeth within existing bony envelopes

55
Q

How is tooth movement achieved by removable orthodontic appliances?

A

1)Active wire component

2) Thermoplastic material

56
Q

Give examples of removable orthodontic appliances that uses an active wire component.

A

1)
Traditional URA
2. Barré appliances

57
Q

What makes up a traditional URA?

A

Active component
Retentive component
Anchorage
Baseplate that holds everything together

58
Q

What are the benefits of traditional URAs?

A

Correct minor tooth movements
Highly adaptable
A good adjunct to other treatments
Can be useful interceptive devices

59
Q

What are the risks associated with traditional URAs?

A

Can be uncomfortable
Can impact speech
has a Limited scope for tooth movement

60
Q

what is a a Barré appliance>

A
61
Q

the benefits of a Barré appliance?

A

Can correct minor alignment issues

62
Q

What are the risks associated with Barré appliance?

A

Can be uncomfortable
Can impact speech
Limited scope for tooth movement

63
Q

Give an example of a removable orthodontic appliances that uses an thermoplastic materials

A

Aligners

64
Q

what do aligners do?

A

They are thermoplastic appliances that move teeth incrementally

(up to 0.2mm per aligner)

65
Q

How do we make an aligner?

A

Take full records of patient’s mouth
Transfer all information digitally to the lab with prescription
Use CAD-CAM technology to reposition teeth according to prescription
Manufacture a series of aligners to increment tally move teeth

66
Q

How many aligners does ti usually take to correct malocclusion?

A

14 aligners used for 2 weeks each

67
Q

What are the benefits of aligners?

A

Good appearance as they are clear
Can be removed fro social/ oH reasons
Increasing scope for correcting malocclusion

68
Q

What are the risks associated with aligners?

A

Can be uncomfortable
Removable so compliance can be an issue
Still limiting tooth movement
Not easily adjusted by clinician
The software uses average values
Need a very accurate prescription as all aligners made in a lab

69
Q

What is the aim of a retainer?

A

To resist relapse by holding the teeth in their new position

70
Q

How can retainers be classified?

A

1)Removable
2. Fixed

71
Q

Give examples of removable retainers.

A

1.
Vacuum formed
2. Hawley

72
Q

How can fixed retainers be classified?

A

Direct or indirect
By type of material
By design and material

CCD2 (16 decks)

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