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Histology > Oral mucous membranes > Flashcards

Oral mucous membranes Flashcards

1
Q

what are mucous membranes

A
  • lining of a body cavity that opens to the outside

- lines the oral and nasal cavities, sinuses, trachea, stomach/intestines, urinary bladder, uterus

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2
Q

what are the 2 layer of mucous membranes

A
  1. epithelial layer: surface layer, kept moist by external secretions, such as mucous or serous glands (mucous/saliva)
  2. connective tissue: underlying layer, contains blood vessels, nerves and may have glands
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3
Q

what is the epithelium in the nasal cavity

A
  • single layer, pseudo stratified columnar
  • also goblet cells -> mucous (moist, trap)
  • cilia at exposed end of columnar cells
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4
Q

what is the epithelium in the oral cavity

A
  • called oral mucosa
  • sturdier
  • high friction area
  • tougher, withstand constant scraping and trauma due to mastication/teeth and food
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5
Q

what is the tissue histologically like in the oral mucous membranes

A
  • heavier and resistant to injury
  • withstands wear and tear
  • resists bacterial infection
  • stratified squamous epithelium: basal layer on basement membrane (cuboidal) is layer next to connective tissue. basal layer undergoes consistent cell division (mitosis), new cells eventually reach surface
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6
Q

what happens to cells at the surface of oral mucous membranes

A
  • in more protected areas (like under the tongue, inside of cheeks and lips), the cells at the surface die and slough off into saliva
  • they are replaced by new cells from the basal layer
  • scrape cheek -> spread on slide -> will see squamous epithelial cells
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7
Q

what happens to cells in more wear/tear areas of the oral mucous membranes

A
  • found on hard palate and gingiva
  • not sloughed off
  • instead, cells degenerate (die) and lose nucleus
  • forms non cellular keratinized layer: protective tough layer over stratified squamous epithelium -> keratinized epithelium
  • wears with use
  • is slowly replaced by young cells beneath
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8
Q

what is connective tissue

A
  • BV and nerves composed of fibrous connective tissue
  • small basement membrane separate epithelium from connective tissue
  • irregular – finger like projections
  • increase contact surface from which epithelium receives nutrients from the connective tissue
  • thickness of CT varies in different areas of the oral mucosa
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9
Q

what 2 ways can connective tissue be attached in the oral cavity

A
  1. gingiva: connected to underlying alveolar bone (periosteum of alveolar process)
  2. cheek: connected to looser type of connective tissue -> called submucosa (larger BV, nerves, glands, fat and tissue)
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10
Q

what are the 3 types of oral mucosa and where are they found

A
  1. masticatory: gingiva, hard palate. most used in mastication
  2. lining mucosa: lips and cheeks, floor of mouth, underside of tongue. soft palate. alveolar mucosa
  3. specialized mucosa: dorm of tongue
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11
Q

what type of epithelium is gingiva

A
  • epithelium is keratinized

- firmly attached to underlying bone

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12
Q

what type of mucosa is keratinized

A
  • well keratinized and stratified
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13
Q

what is palatine raphe

A
  • keratinized epithelium found on the hard palate

- directly attached to bone

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14
Q

what are the sides of palatine raphe like

A
  • attached to submucosa then bone
  • anterior: submucosa contains fat tissue
  • posterior: submucosa contains salivary glands. ducts empty onto surface
  • often inflamed in smokers (ex nicotinic stomatitis)
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15
Q

what is the main function of lining mucosa, what is its structure like and where is it found

A
  • main function is to line area
  • not firmly attached
  • nonkeratinized
  • shiny, thin
  • see underlying blood vessels
  • inside cheeks and lips, ventral tongue, floor of mouth, alveolar mucosa, soft palate
  • underside of tongue
  • ex:
  • lingual frenum (folded mucosa at centre)
  • sublingual fold (horizontal), right and left side of lingual frenum
  • wharton’s ducts are the opening of the sublingual fold
  • caruncle is opening of lingual frenum
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16
Q

what is alveolar mucosa

A
  • lining mucosa
  • lines oral vestibules
  • nonkeratinized, shiny, red, transparent
  • separated by mucogingival junction
17
Q

what is the soft palate

A
  • lining mucosa
  • distal of the 8s
  • underlying muscle
  • salivary glands beneath mucosa empty onto its surface
18
Q

what is buccal mucosa

A
  • lining mucosa
19
Q

what are fodyces granules and what might be the cause of them

A
  • yellowish spots
  • ectopic sebaceous glands (usually on skin)
  • may be related to anomalies during development. during filling between max and man processes (narrowing of opening of mouth), sebaceous glands from skin become entrapped
20
Q

what is specialized mucosa

A
  • found on the dorm of the tongue
  • many papillae, varies from size and shape
  • some used for taste (taste buds along side surface)
  • 4 different types
21
Q

what are the 4 types of papillae

A
  1. filiform
  2. fungiform
  3. foliate
  4. circumvallate
22
Q

what are filiform papillae, where are they located and what are they used for

A
  • velvety appearance (tongue)
  • thin
  • covers most of tongue
  • keratinized tips (kitten tongue)
  • mechanical function only (no taste buds)
  • smallest
  • most numerous papillae
  • providing the tongue with a rough surface
  • aids in the manipulation and processing of foods
  • aids in cleaning of the surfaces of the mouth, in particular the teeth
23
Q

what are fungiform papillae, where are they located and what are they used for

A
  • scattered among filiform
  • mushroom shaped, less keratinization than filiform
  • redder and larger in appearance
  • contains taste buds
24
Q

what are foliate papillae, where are they located and what are they used for

A
  • lateral border of posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • not well developed
  • leaf shaped
  • 4-11 vertical ridges
  • contains taste buds
25
Q

what are circumvallate papillae, where are they located and what are they used for

A
  • back of tongue
  • largest papillae
  • between body and base of tongue
  • inverted v shaped – 8-10
  • surrounded by depression in which open ducts lead to von ebner’s glands (salivary glands), saliva trend around papilla
  • aids in dissolving food -> rinsing glands (creates solution)
  • saliva + food = solution that will give sensation of taste
  • taste buds are particularly numerous on the lateral surfaces of these papillae
26
Q

what is hairy tongue

A
  • papillae grows constantly – shedding layer cells usually wear off (normal shedding)
  • in some people, they don’t wear off
  • filiform papillae grows long, traps food debris and plaque and causes a dark area on the tongue
  • poor oral hygiene, antibiotics and smoking can cause hairy tongue and stain
  • brush tongue to wear off papillae (filiform)
27
Q

what are taste buds

A
  • small organs (croups of specialized epithelial cells) along the lateral surfaces of papillae
  • barrel-shaped
  • within epithelial layer
  • 30-80 cells per taste bud
  • taste pore:
  • food substances to enter pore (taste bud)
  • detected by taste receptors
  • giving sensation of taste

Histology (15 decks)

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