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Anatomy > Oral Mucosa and Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Oral Mucosa and Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What is mucus?

A

Mucus is a viscous colloid, containing in organic salts, antiseptic enzymes, immunoglobulins, glycoproteins, and gel forming mucins

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2
Q

What is an example of an antiseptic enzyme found in mucus?

A

LYSOZYMES

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3
Q

What’s an example of a glycol protein found in mucus?

A

Lactoferrin

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4
Q

Oligosaccharides interact with _______ while mucins are _________.

A

Water

Hydrophobic

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5
Q

What are the types of mucous membranes?

A

We have oral mucosa.

And we have body mucosa lining, the gastrointestinal tract, nasal passages, the oral cavity and other organs that communicate with the outside world

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6
Q

What is a mucus membrane?

A

A mucus membrane is an epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and lines, many body cavities, tubular organs, including the gut and respiratory passages

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7
Q

In the oral cavity we will find _______ and __________.

A

Oral mucosa and Oral Mucoperiosteum

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8
Q

What are the differences between oral mucosa and oral mucoperiosteum ?

A
  1. OMP attaches directly to bone
  2. OM is mostly your cheeks
  3. Lamina propria is DENSER in OMP
  4. OM has a much larger submucosa. OMP does not so it also lacks salivary glads
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9
Q

What is submucosa? Define the type of tissue found here!

A

A thick layer of fat, nerves, CT, vessels and salivary glands more prominent in Oral Mucosa Proper.

IRCT

Oral mucoperiosteum has a thin submucosa layer if any, rather it attaches to bone

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10
Q

Components of the Oral Mucosa

A
  1. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

which is supported by the

  1. Lamina Propria made of fine IRCT
  2. Submucosa
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11
Q

What kind of epithelium is present in oral mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous

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12
Q

What are sebaceous glands and where can they be found?

A

They make sebum and can be found in submucosa

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13
Q

Instead of submucosa, what does Oral Mucoperiosteum have?

A

Periosteal which is a layer of CT to attach into bone

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14
Q

Functions of the Oral Mucosa

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensation
  3. Secretion
  4. Taste
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15
Q

The lamina propria can be subdivided into _______ and _________.

A

Papillary and reticular

Papillary layer looks like projections in the epithelium.

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16
Q

What are two key histological features that tell us we are in the submucosa?

A
  1. White fat droplets that are unstained.
  2. The salivary gland, which appear as a large mass of circular slightly stained cells.
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17
Q

What is the function of the papillary layer of the __________ in the mucosa?

A

Lamina Propria

Forms junction between epithelium and lamina propria to create the BASAL lamina.

Looks like projections in epithelia!

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18
Q

Blood vessels penetrate the epithelium. True or False

A

FALSE

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19
Q

Submucosa in cheeks and soft palate can contain what important feature ___________ that allows for function of these parts?

A

Skeletal Muscle

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20
Q

What is the mucogingival junction?

A

Separates alveolar mucus from gingival mucus.

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21
Q

What are the differences between alveolar and gingival mucus?

A

Alveolar mucosa is NON-Keratinzed and is not attached to the bone so we will find fat and glands.

Below the mucogingival line is gingival mucosa. Gingival mucosa is parakeratinized and as we approach free gingiva towards teeth, they become keratinized.

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22
Q

The strongest gingiva is located where?

A

Closest to the teeth because it is heavily keratinized.

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23
Q

What is the junctional epithelium?

A

The portion where gingiva is going to contact enamel and possibly cementum

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24
Q

What is another word for gingival crest?

A

Marginal Epithelium

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25
Q

What is sulcular epithelium?

A

Abbuds the enamel portion of the tooth and continues into the junctional epithelium which is where the gingiva touches enamel and possibly cementum

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26
Q

Maintenance of what epithelium is key in ensuring our periodontal pocket says in the _____mm range?

A

Junctional Epithelium

1-2

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27
Q

The _______ and ______ have sensory receptors for taste!

A

tongue and pharynx

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28
Q

Where are taste receptors found?

A

Fungiform Papillae
Foliate Papillae
Circumvallate/Vallate Papilla

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29
Q

What kind of papilla do NOT have taste receptors?

A

Filiform

30
Q

Most of the tongue is covered by _____ papillae.

A

Filiform

31
Q

Foliate papillae is found _________ on the tongue.

A

Laterally on the dorsal (top) of tongue.

32
Q

Filiform is high keratinized. True or false

A

True

33
Q

Fungiform papilla have lots of ______ and are not as _________

A

Connective

As keratinized

34
Q

What is the muscular organization of the tongue?

A

3 Skeletal Muscle Groups in 3 Different Planes

  1. Superior longitudinal muscle
  2. Vertical muscle
    3.Transverse Muscle
  3. Inferior longitude muscle.

Vertical muscle is located on the Y axis of the tongue.
Transverse muscle is located on the X axis of the tongue side to side
Longitude muscle is located on the Z axis across the length of the tongue

35
Q

What are taste buds made of?

How many nuclei?

A

Tastebuds are made of spindle shaped cells and have a taste pit that communicates with the surface via taste pores which are linked to nerve endings.

Multinucleated

36
Q

Taste buds are located where on the papillae?

A

Periphery

37
Q

What are the two major types of glands in the oral mucosa?

A

Salivary and sebaceous

38
Q

What are the two types of salivary glands?

A

The major ones include parotid, sublingual, and submandibular.

The minor ones are scattered throughout.

39
Q

What are sebaceous glands and where are they found?

A

Sebaceous glands are exocrine glands in the skin that secrete and oily or waxy matter, called sebum to lubricate and waterproof the skin.

Sebaceous glands can be found in the oral mucosa within the submucosa, skin, hair follicles and appear as yellow spots called Fordyce’s granules/sports.

40
Q

What are Fordyce’s spots?

A

Sebaceous glands that appear yellow!

41
Q

What is the composition of sebum?

A

Sebum is mostly made of triglycerides, followed by waxes, squalene and free fatty acids.

SQUALENE

42
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A

Protection
PH buffering
Tooth integrity
Antimicrobial activity
Tissue repair
Digestion
Taste (solvent)

43
Q

What does the lack of saliva result in?

A

Aside from making it difficult to eat, swallow or speak the lack of saliva can cause mucosal infections and caries.

44
Q

Why is the lack of saliva result in cavities?

A

Saliva protein content, forms a pellicle on teeth, which is a protective coating

45
Q

What is saliva made of?

A

Serous fluid - aqueous
mucus
sebum

46
Q

Saliva can be serous or mucous but not both. True or False

A

FALSE,

Their can be either or both

47
Q

Minor salivary glands are often located in the ________ and are mainly ______.

The contain :

A

Submucosa

Mucus type saliva

High mucous, immunoglobulin along with more lymphocytes around walls of ducts

1-2 mm, 800-1k in oral cavity

48
Q

What is a gland that is only found in the tongue?

What does it secrete?

A

Von Ebner’s Glands

This gland is located in the tongue at the base of the circumvallate and foliate papillae.

It is made of serous type saliva and secretes lipases to commence lipid hydrolysis to make sure the taste buds located valleys in papillae are not obstructed by fat.

49
Q

Von Ebner’s glands are only found in the ______ and secrete ______.

A

Tongue

Lipases

50
Q

What kind of secretions does the parotid gland make?

Where is it located?

A

Serous only

Parotid gland is located in the FRONT of the external ear and associated with facial nerves.

A SINGLE duct travels across the masseter muscle and enters oral cavity at parotid papilla.

51
Q

What kind of secretions does the submandibular gland make?

Where is it located?

A

Serous and Mucus

The submandibular gland is located on the posterior floor of the mouth.

A single duct travels to the floor of the mouse and enters the oral cavity via the lateral to lingual frenulum.

52
Q

What kind of secretions does the sublingual gland make?

Where is it located

A

Mostly mucus

Serous to a low degree

The sublingual gland is located in the anterior floor of the mouth above the mylohyoid muscle.

It has multiple ducks that travel to the floor of the mouth and enter oral cavity at the sublingual fold.

53
Q

Which salivary glands have a single duct?

A

Parotid and submandibular

Parotid secretes more laterally

Submandibular secretes near frenulum

54
Q

Glands are made of ____which are made of many _________ connected by ______.

A

Lobes

Lobules

Connective Tissue

55
Q

What are lobules ?

A

Pouches that hold products that make up the lobes of the gland.

56
Q

Describe the secretary, pathway from lobules to the main secretary duct of a salivary gland.

A

Lobules will release their products into the

  1. INTERCALATED ducts where they exit the lobule and enter the connective tissue septa between the lobules.
  2. Then, STRIATED ducts which bring in material from various lobules will gather into the main excretory duct of the lobe for secretion.
57
Q

What is serous acini?

A

Acini is just a name for plural secretory units of the gland

58
Q

The ___________ are small ducts that receive secretions from individual lobules of the salivary glands. They are the first ducts encountered after secretion from the __________.

A

The intercalated ducts are small ducts that receive secretions from individual lobules of the salivary glands. They are the first ducts encountered after secretion from the acini

59
Q

Describe the histology of an intercalated duct, serious asini and striated duct.

A

Intercalated: Tight circle of nuclei

Serous Acini: Larger than intercalated ducts, nuclei on edges no tight ring

Striated Duct: Cytoplasm will be much paler and found in connective tissue area

60
Q

Intercalated ducts have what shape of cells.

Striated ducts have shape of cells

A

Small cuboidal

Columnar

61
Q

What is serous demilunes?

A

In MIXED secretory glands such as the submandibular gland, this structure is associated with the mucous acinus secretory unit.

This what allows both mucus and serous fluid to be released.

62
Q

Describe mucus acinus and serous demilunes as they would be viewed histologically?

A

SD will form a half moon shape around the mucus acinus

They will stain OPPOSITE depending on the type of stain used so one will be always darker than the other.

63
Q

Mucus acini contain an abundance of what organelle?

What organelle is located basally?

A

Golgi Complex

RER and Nucleus (away from lumen) because secretion is done INTO the lumen

64
Q

What are myoepithelial cells?

A

They coat the interrcalated and striated ducts as well as the secretory units.

Epithelial origin with muscle like features that are contractile in nature.

65
Q

What do myoepithilia look like histologically?

A

Myosin II can be stained and you can see all the processes in the cell

66
Q

Where are myoepithelial cells found in the glands and how does this aid the function of glands?

A

Myoepithelial cells are located between the basal lamina and the cells themselves.

This allows the myoepithelial cells to contract the cells making up the ducts to induce secretion.

67
Q

On a cross section nuclei will look like a ______ for interrcalated discs while on a longitudinal section it will appear as a _________.

A

tight ring

string of multiple nuclei looking like a high way

68
Q

Striated ducts appear how histologically?

A

Lighter stain than other ducts

More elongated and visible lumen

69
Q

Why do striated ducts appear striated?

A

Mitochondria aggregate in the basal portion of the cell to fuel the active transport processes needed for the exchange of materials between VASCULATURE and the striated duct.

70
Q

Describe the 2 stages of saliva formation.

A
  1. Secretory cells and intercalated duct cells produce primary saliva that is isotonic.
  2. Saliva is modified in the STRIATED DUCT system making it hypotonic.
71
Q

Saliva starts ____tonic and becomes _____tonic in the _______.

A

iso

Hypotonic in the Striated duct system

72
Q

How does saliva become hypotonic ?

A

Na+ from sodium will enter the capillaries located by the striated duct via active transport.

This allows the capillary to release K+ and bicarbonate to enter the duct to maintain ph.

Anatomy (16 decks)

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