Oral Mucosa and Salivary Glands Flashcards
What is mucus?
Mucus is a viscous colloid, containing in organic salts, antiseptic enzymes, immunoglobulins, glycoproteins, and gel forming mucins
What is an example of an antiseptic enzyme found in mucus?
LYSOZYMES
What’s an example of a glycoprotein found in mucus?
Lactoferrin
Oligosaccharides interact with _______ while mucins are _________.
Water
Hydrophobic
What are the types of mucous membranes?
We have oral mucosa.
And we have body mucosa lining, the gastrointestinal tract, nasal passages, the oral cavity and other organs that communicate with the outside world
What is a mucus membrane?
A mucus membrane is an epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and lines, many body cavities, tubular organs, including the gut and respiratory passages
In the oral cavity we will find _______ and __________.
Oral mucosa and Oral Mucoperiosteum
What are the differences between oral mucosa and oral mucoperiosteum ?
- OMP attaches directly to bone
- OM is mostly your cheeks
- Lamina propria is DENSER in OMP
- OM has a much larger submucosa. OMP does not so it also lacks salivary glads
What is submucosa? Define the type of tissue found here!
A thick layer of fat, nerves, CT, vessels and salivary glands more prominent in Oral Mucosa Proper.
IRCT
Oral mucoperiosteum has a thin submucosa layer if any, rather it attaches to bone
Components of the Oral Mucosa
- Stratified Squamous Epithelium
which is supported by the
- Lamina Propria made of fine IRCT
- Submucosa
What kind of epithelium is present in oral mucosa?
Stratified squamous
What are sebaceous glands and where can they be found?
They make sebum and can be found in submucosa
Instead of submucosa, what does Oral Mucoperiosteum have?
Periosteal which is a layer of CT to attach into bone
Functions of the Oral Mucosa
- Protection
- Sensation
- Secretion
- Taste
The lamina propria can be subdivided into _______ and _________.
Papillary and reticular
Papillary layer looks like projections in the epithelium.
What are two key histological features that tell us we are in the submucosa?
- White fat droplets that are unstained.
- The salivary gland, which appear as a large mass of circular slightly stained cells.
What is the function of the papillary layer of the __________ in the mucosa?
Lamina Propria
Forms junction between epithelium and lamina propria to create the BASAL lamina.
Looks like projections in epithelia!
Blood vessels penetrate the epithelium. True or False
FALSE
What is the mucogingival junction?
Separates alveolar mucus from gingival mucus.
What are the differences between alveolar and gingival mucus?
Alveolar mucosa is NON-Keratinzed and is not attached to the bone so we will find fat and glands.
Below the mucogingival line is gingival mucosa. Gingival mucosa is parakeratinized and as we approach free gingiva towards teeth, they become keratinized.
The strongest gingiva is located where?
Closest to the teeth because it is heavily keratinized.
What is the junctional epithelium?
The portion where gingiva is going to contact enamel and possibly cementum
What is another word for gingival crest?
Marginal Epithelium
What is sulcular epithelium?
Abbuds the enamel portion of the tooth and continues into the junctional epithelium which is where the gingiva touches enamel and possibly cementum
Maintenance of what epithelium is key in ensuring our periodontal pocket says in the _____mm range?
Junctional Epithelium
1-2
The _______ and ______ have sensory receptors for taste!
tongue and pharynx
Where are taste receptors found?
Fungiform Papillae
Foliate Papillae
Circumvallate/Vallate Papilla
What kind of papilla do NOT have taste receptors?
Filiform
Most of the tongue is covered by _____ papillae.
Filiform
Foliate papillae is found _________ on the tongue.
Laterally on the dorsal (top) of tongue.
Filiform is high keratinized. True or false
True
Fungiform papilla have lots of ______ and are not as _________
Connective
As keratinized
What is the muscular organization of the tongue?
3 Skeletal Muscle Groups in 3 Different Planes
- Superior longitudinal muscle
- Vertical muscle
3.Transverse Muscle - Inferior longitude muscle.
Vertical muscle is located on the Y axis of the tongue.
Transverse muscle is located on the X axis of the tongue side to side
Longitude muscle is located on the Z axis across the length of the tongue
What are taste buds made of?
How many nuclei?
Tastebuds are made of spindle shaped cells and have a taste pit that communicates with the surface via taste pores which are linked to nerve endings.
Multinucleated
Taste buds are located where on the papillae?
Periphery
What are the two major types of glands in the oral mucosa?
Salivary and sebaceous
What are the two types of salivary glands?
The major ones include parotid, sublingual, and submandibular.
The minor ones are scattered throughout.
What are sebaceous glands and where are they found?
Sebaceous glands are exocrine glands in the skin that secrete and oily or waxy matter, called sebum to lubricate and waterproof the skin.
Sebaceous glands can be found in the oral mucosa within the submucosa, skin, hair follicles and appear as yellow spots called Fordyce’s granules/sports.
What are Fordyce’s spots?
Sebaceous glands that appear yellow!
What is the composition of sebum?
Sebum is mostly made of triglycerides, followed by waxes, squalene and free fatty acids.
SQUALENE
What are the functions of saliva?
Protection
PH buffering
Tooth integrity
Antimicrobial activity
Tissue repair
Digestion
Taste (solvent)
What does the lack of saliva result in?
Aside from making it difficult to eat, swallow or speak the lack of saliva can cause mucosal infections and caries.
Why is the lack of saliva result in cavities?
Saliva protein content, forms a pellicle on teeth, which is a protective coating
What is saliva made of?
Serous fluid - aqueous
mucus
sebum
Saliva can be serous or mucous but not both. True or False
FALSE,
Their can be either or both
Minor salivary glands are often located in the ________ and are mainly ______.
The contain :
Submucosa
Mucus type saliva
High mucous, immunoglobulin along with more lymphocytes around walls of ducts
1-2 mm, 800-1k in oral cavity
What is a gland that is only found in the tongue?
What does it secrete?
Von Ebner’s Glands
This gland is located in the tongue at the base of the circumvallate and foliate papillae.
It is made of serous type saliva and secretes lipases to commence lipid hydrolysis to make sure the taste buds located valleys in papillae are not obstructed by fat.
Von Ebner’s glands are only found in the ______ and secrete ______.
Tongue
Lipases
What kind of secretions does the parotid gland make?
Where is it located?
Serous only
Parotid gland is located in the FRONT of the external ear and associated with facial nerves.
A SINGLE duct travels across the masseter muscle and enters oral cavity at parotid papilla.
What kind of secretions does the submandibular gland make?
Where is it located?
Serous and Mucus
The submandibular gland is located on the posterior floor of the mouth.
A single duct travels to the floor of the mouse and enters the oral cavity via the lateral to lingual frenulum.
What kind of secretions does the sublingual gland make?
Where is it located
Mostly mucus
Serous to a low degree
The sublingual gland is located in the anterior floor of the mouth above the mylohyoid muscle.
It has multiple ducks that travel to the floor of the mouth and enter oral cavity at the sublingual fold.
Which salivary glands have a single duct?
Parotid and submandibular
Parotid secretes more laterally
Submandibular secretes near frenulum
Glands are made of ____which are made of many _________ connected by ______.
Lobes
Lobules
Connective Tissue
What are lobules ?
Pouches that hold products that make up the lobes of the gland.
Describe the secretary, pathway from lobules to the main secretary duct of a salivary gland.
Lobules will release their products into the
- INTERCALATED ducts where they exit the lobule and enter the connective tissue septa between the lobules.
- Then, STRIATED ducts which bring in material from various lobules will gather into the main excretory duct of the lobe for secretion.
What is serous acini?
Acini is just a name for plural secretory units of the gland
The ___________ are small ducts that receive secretions from individual lobules of the salivary glands. They are the first ducts encountered after secretion from the __________.
The intercalated ducts are small ducts that receive secretions from individual lobules of the salivary glands. They are the first ducts encountered after secretion from the acini
Describe the histology of an intercalated duct, serious asini and striated duct.
Intercalated: Tight circle of nuclei
Serous Acini: Larger than intercalated ducts, nuclei on edges no tight ring
Striated Duct: Cytoplasm will be much paler and found in connective tissue area
Intercalated ducts have what shape of cells.
Striated ducts have shape of cells
Small cuboidal
Columnar
What is serous demilunes?
In MIXED secretory glands such as the submandibular gland, this structure is associated with the mucous acinus secretory unit.
This what allows both mucus and serous fluid to be released.
Describe mucus acinus and serous demilunes as they would be viewed histologically?
SD will form a half moon shape around the mucus acinus
They will stain OPPOSITE depending on the type of stain used so one will be always darker than the other.
Mucus acini contain an abundance of what organelle?
What organelle is located basally?
Golgi Complex
RER and Nucleus (away from lumen) because secretion is done INTO the lumen
What are myoepithelial cells?
They coat the interrcalated and striated ducts as well as the secretory units.
Epithelial origin with muscle like features that are contractile in nature.
What do myoepithilia look like histologically?
Myosin II can be stained and you can see all the processes in the cell
Where are myoepithelial cells found in the glands and how does this aid the function of glands?
Myoepithelial cells are located between the basal lamina and the cells themselves.
This allows the myoepithelial cells to contract the cells making up the ducts to induce secretion.
On a cross section nuclei will look like a ______ for interrcalated discs while on a longitudinal section it will appear as a _________.
tight ring
string of multiple nuclei looking like a high way
Striated ducts appear how histologically?
Lighter stain than other ducts
More elongated and visible lumen
Why do striated ducts appear striated?
Mitochondria aggregate in the basal portion of the cell to fuel the active transport processes needed for the exchange of materials between VASCULATURE and the striated duct.
Describe the 2 stages of saliva formation.
- Secretory cells and intercalated duct cells produce primary saliva that is isotonic.
- Saliva is modified in the STRIATED DUCT system making it hypotonic.
Saliva starts ____tonic and becomes _____tonic in the _______.
iso
Hypotonic in the Striated duct system
How does saliva become hypotonic ?
Na+ from sodium will enter the capillaries located by the striated duct via active transport.
This allows the capillary to release K+ and bicarbonate to enter the duct to maintain ph.
