Connective Tissue Week 3 Flashcards
What is connective tissue?
A diverse group of cells within a tissue-specific ECM.
The ground substance is __________.
gelatinous material that fills spaces between fibers and cells
What are the functions of connective tissue?
Support
Defense
Nutrition
Describe connective tissue support.
Tendons and ligaments can provide support and connection.
Describe connective tissue defense.
Site of inflammatory and immune reactions as well as serves as a physical barrier
Describe nutrition provided by connective tissue
Reservoir for water and electrolytes and hormone growth factors
Stores energy as adipocytes (triglycerides)
Support blood vessels
Passageway for nutrients and gases
What are examples of embryonic CT?
umbilical cord
There are 3 classes of connective tissue. What are they?
Embryonic CT
CT Proper
Specialized CT
CT Proper can be further be divided into categories. What are they ?
Loose CT and Dense CT
Dense CT can be further divided into regular and irregular
What is an example of loose CT
Lamina propria
What are examples of specialized CT ?
Bone, Cartilage , Adipose tissue
Loose/areolar CT is a ____________. It is made up of loosely arranged ________ and ________ and ________. There are more __________ than __________.
CT proper
Cells, Ground Substance, Fibers
Cells, Ground Substance > Fibers
Loose/areolar CT function to __________(5).
Support epithelial Tissue
Surround blood vessels
Fill spaces between muscles
Diffusion of O2/Co2 and nutrients and wastes
Inflammatory and immune reactions
Dense CT is a type of _____________ that has more ______ and little ________.
Regular Dense CT has fibers arranged ________
Irregular Dense CT has fibers arranged _________.
CT Proper
Fibers, Ground Substance
in parallel bundles
randomly
What are examples of dense regular connective tissue?
Dense regular tissue function to ____________(3).
Tendons, ligaments, cornea
Transmit force of muscle contraction
Attach muscles to bones
Protection
What are examples of dense irregular connective tissue?
Irregular connective tissue function to ___________(2)
Skin, GI tract
Provide tensile strength
Protection
How does loose CT stain compared to dense CT?
Loose CT will stain less red because it has less fibers
What are the two types of fiber systems in CT?
Which fibers do NOT stain well in H&E?
Collagen fiber system made of collagen fibers and reticular fibers.
Elastic fiber system made of elastic fiber.
Reticular Fibers and Elastic Fibers
Reticular Fibers are a Type _____ .
Type III Collagen
Collagen fibers stain ________ in trichrome and ___________ in H&E because they are _______.
Blue/green
Red, Acidophilic
Collagen fibers are _______ yet high in _______. They are _______ structures with ______width.
flexible, tensile strength
wavy, variable
How is collagen synthesized? Where is it synthesized?
Fibroblast cells and cartilage cells synthesize collagen via 5 steps
- The nucleus produces the genetic code for the collagen
- The RER produces the pro-collagen precursor to collagen.
- Post translational modifications are made
- Pro-collagen leaves the cell to process into Tropocollagen
- Collagen fibers or networks are built extracellularly
What is the post-translational modification of collagen synthesis dependent on?
Vitamin C allows post translational modifications of adding hydroxyl groups to proline and lysine residues.
Procollagen synthesis happens ______ while other steps are ________.
Intracellular, Extracellular
What is scurvy?
Water-soluble vitamin C deficiency resulting in an inability to produce collagen.
What is scurvy characterized by?
Bone disease in growing children
Hemorrhages and healing defects in children and adults.
What is the dental application to scurvy?
Type 1 collagen forms ligaments that hold tooth to bone. Patients with scurvy may have their teeth fall out.
Type ____ collagen forms ______ that hold tooth to bone.
1 , ligaments
What are scorbutic gums?
Scurvy gums that present a symmetrical appearance without infection
What are pinpoint hemorrhages? What are they an indication of?
Small red spots on skin indicating spontaneous internal region
Scurvy
Several collagen _____ create a collagen ____ which can be bundled together to create a _____.
fibril , fiber bundle of collagen fibers
Reticular fibers are a very _________ Type ____ collagen that forms a ______ rather than a _________ for _______.
fine Type III collagen that forms a 3D network rather than a thick bundle for support
Reticular fibers support __________ and _______ organs except the __________. They are produced by _________.
Hematopoietic (stem cells in bone marrow) and lymphoid organs except the thymus
Reticular cells
Why are reticular fibers stained with silver salts?
High sugar content
What are reticular fibers stained with?
Silver salts due to high content of sugar chains
Type I Collagen
Function:
Examples:
Structure:
Resistance to tension
Dermis, Tendon, Bone, Fibrocartilage
Fibril Forming