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ORAL ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY > Oral Mucosa > Flashcards

Oral Mucosa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of oral mucosa?

A
  1. Protection (against mechanical forces, microbial invasion, toxins, antigens)
  2. Sensation (touch, proprioception, taste, pain)
  3. Secretion (lubrication from minor salivary glands)
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2
Q

Name the 3 classifications of the oral mucosa

A
  1. Masticatory mucosa
  2. Lining mucosa
  3. Specialised mucosa
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3
Q

Provide examples of where masticatory mucosa is found

A
  • Gingiva (free & attached)
  • Dorsal surface of tongue
  • Hard palate
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4
Q

Provide examples of where lining mucosa is found

A
  • Ventral surface of tongue
  • Labial/buccal mucossa
  • FOM
  • Alveolar mucosa
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5
Q

Provide examples of where specialised mucosa is found

A
  • Vermillion border

- Dorsal surface of tongue (taste buds)

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6
Q

What are the 4 layers of the oral mucosa?

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Submucosa (adipocytes & glands)
  4. Bone
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7
Q

What are the 4 layers of the oral mucoperiosteum?

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Periosteum
  4. Bone
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8
Q

What is the key structural difference between the oral mucosa and oral mucoperiosteum?

A

Oral mucosa has submucosa

Oral mucoperiosteum does not have submucosa, instead has a periosteum

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9
Q

What are the layers of the keratinised epithelium?

A
  1. Keratinised layer (stratum corneum)
  2. Granular layer (stratum granulosum)
  3. Prickle layer (stratum spinosum)
  4. Basal layer (stratum basale/ germinativum)
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10
Q

What are the layers of non-keratinised epithelium?

A
  1. Superifical layer
  2. Intermediate layer
  3. Prickle layer
  4. Basal layer
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11
Q

What are the histological differences between the orthokeratinised and parakeratinsed epithelium?

A
  1. Orthokeratinised epithelium has a more prominent granular layer compared to parakeratinised epithelium
  2. Orthokeratinised epithelium appears more pale pink compared to parakeratinised epithelium
  3. Orthokeratinised do not contain nuclei in the keratinised layer; Parakertainised contains nuclei in the keratinised layer
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12
Q

Name the 4 non-keratinocytes in the oral epithelium

A
  1. Melanocyte
  2. Langerhans cell
  3. Merkel cell
  4. Lymphocyte
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13
Q

Where are melanocytes located in the oral epithelium?

A

Basal layer

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14
Q

What is the function of the melanocyte?

A
  1. Melanosome synthesis (melanin pigment of granules)

2. Transfer of melanosome to surrounding keratinocytes

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15
Q

Where are Langerhans cells located?

A

Suprabasal layer

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16
Q

What is the function of the Langerhans cell?

A

Antigen-trapping & processing

17
Q

Where are Merkel cells located?

A

Basal layer

18
Q

What is the function of the Merkel cell?

A

Tactile & sensory

19
Q

Where are lymphocytes located?

A

Variable

20
Q

What is the function of lymphocytes located?

A

Part of the inflammatory response in oral mucosa

21
Q

What specific stains would allow histologists see the following cells under the microscope?

  1. Melanocytes
  2. Langerhans cell
  3. Merkel cell
  4. Lymphocyte
A
  1. Dopa oxidase-tyrosinase silver stains
  2. Cell surface antigen markers
  3. Acid-schiff positive
  4. Cell surface antigen markers
22
Q

Name the 8 cells in the lamina propria

A
  1. Fibroblast
  2. Histocyte
  3. Macrophages
  4. Mast cell
  5. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (neutrophil)
  6. Lymphocyte
  7. Plasma cell
  8. Endothelial cell
23
Q

List the functions of the following cells:

  1. Fibroblast
  2. Histocyte
  3. Macrophages
  4. Mast cell
  5. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
  6. Lymphocyte
  7. Plasma cell
  8. Endothelial cell
A
  1. Synthesis of CT fibres & ground substance
  2. Precursor of macrophages
  3. Phagocytosis & antigen-presenting
  4. Secretion of inflammatory mediators & vasoactive agents (usually involved in immediate allergy reactions) e.g. Histamine, heparin, serotonin
  5. Phagocytosis & cell-killing
  6. Humoral & cell-mediated immune response (adaptive immunity)
  7. Synthesis of immunoglobulins (antibodies)
  8. Lining of blood & lymphatic channels
24
Q

What are the 4 factors that determine the colour of the oral mucosa?

A
  1. Concentration & dilation state of BV’s in underlying CT
  2. Degree of keratinisation
  3. Epithelium thickness
  4. Amount of melanin pigment in epithelium
25
Q

List the possible factors you would see a red-coloured oral mucosa

A
  1. Thin epithelium
  2. More BV’s
  3. No keratin
26
Q

List the possible factors you would see a pink-coloured oral mucosa

A
  1. Thick epithelium
  2. Fibrous lamina propria
  3. Less BV’s
  4. Thick keratin
27
Q

What are fordyce granules?

A

Ectopic sebaceous glands located on the buccal mucosa & lip vermillion border

ORAL ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY (3 decks)

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