Oral Med

Question 1

List 3 medical reasons to refer a patient on to an oral medicine specialist

Answer 1

-Obtain assistance in getting a diagnosis -Perform a diagnostic procedure -Obtain advice about therapy (medical or surgical) -Perform more advanced medical therapies -Obtain assistance in interpreting lab or radiographic results -Have the OM specialist take over the patients care

Question 2

List 2 non medical reasons to refer a patient on to an oral medicine specialist

Answer 2

-Obtain assistance with patients education -Enhance patients adherence to medical management -Reassure the patient (and family members) about the patients health conditions -Reduce the risk of medical liability

Question 3

List 3 of the most common OM diseases

Answer 3

-Oral lichen planus/lichenoid lesions -Oral leukoplakia -Traumatic lesions -Benign conditions (geographic tongue, fissured tongue) -Complex oral sensitivity disorder (burning mouth syndrome)

Question 4

Identify what this photo is showing

Answer 4

Hypertrophic lingual tonsils. Can be visible on stretching the tongue

Question 5

List 3 of the most challenging OM diseases to manage

Answer 5

• Oral oncology
• Autoimmune diseases
• Chronic oro-facial pain
• Oro-facial infections such as deep fungal infections
• Oro-facial granulomatous diseases

Question 6

What are normal RBC count?

Answer 6

Men 4.32-5.72

Women 3.90-5.03

million per mm3 of blood

Question 7

What are some causes of low RBC

Answer 7

Haemorrhage

Bone marrow failure

Lukemia

Malnutrition

Iron, copper, folate, Vit B12/B6 deficiency

Haemolytic anaemia

Splenomegaly

Pregnancy

Alcohol or drug induced

Question 8

What are some causes of high RBC

Answer 8

Smoking and high altitude

Congenital heart disease

Renal cell carcinoma

Pulmonary fibrosis

Polycythemia

Question 9

What are normal haemolglobin (Hb) ranges?

Answer 9

men 13.5 - 17.5

women 12 - 15.5

g/dL

Question 10

What are some causes of low haemoglobin levels?

Answer 10

Haemorrhaging (bleeding from wound or GI/GU tract

Less production (aplastic anaemia, cancer, cirrhosis, Hodgkins or non Hodgkins lymphoma, chronic kidney disease, Fe, Vit B12, folate deficiency)

More destruction (splenomegaly, sickle cell anaemia, thalassemia, vasculitis)

Question 11

What are some causes of high haemoglobin?

Answer 11

Smoking and living at higher altitudes

Severe dehydration

COPD

Emphysema

Polycythemia

Congenital heart disease

Kidney and liver cancer

Question 12

In a blood panel, what is haematocrit (Hct)?

Answer 12

It is the percentage of RBCs and inticates if there are too many or too few

Question 13

What is the normal value for haematocrit panel?

Answer 13

men 38.8-50%

women 34.9-44.5%

Question 14

What can a low haematocrit value indicate?

Answer 14

Anaemia, Leukemia, Haemorrhage, bone marrow failure, vit/mineral deficiency

Question 15

What can a high value haematocrit indicate?

Answer 15

Dehydration, congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, burns, shock, polycythemia

Question 16

What is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Answer 16

The average size of a single RBC and is usally 80-95 fL

Question 17

What can low-microcytic MCV mean?

Answer 17

Iron deficiency, thalassemia, sideroblastic anaemia, malignancy

Question 18

What can high-macrocytic MCV mean?

Answer 18

Vit B12 and or folate deficiency, haemolytic anaemia, chronic liver disease, alcoholism, aplastic anaemia, hypothyroidism