Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases Flashcards
What are the way that systemic diseases can manifest orally
- Can have dental effects
- Can have oral mucosal effects
- Drugs taken for disease can have oral effects
How can systemic diseases have dental effects
- they can disrupt tooth structure formation and content
What time period will result in dental defects in the primary teeth
pre/perinatal in the mother
What time period will result in dental defects in the permanent teeth
perinatal/childhood disease
What are congenital conditions/infections that can cause dental manifestations
congenital syphilis
other conditions part of the TORCH acronym
illness/metabolic disorders which dusrupt dental formation e.g cancer
Pigment from substances in the blood
What is the TORCH acronym
represents congenital conditions that can be passed from mother to fetus
What does TORCH stand for
- T = toxoplasmosis
- O = other e.g syphilis, VZV, HIV
- R = rubella
- C = cytomegalovirus
- H = herpes simplex
What is the dental manifestation of congenital syphilis
- Hutchison’s incisors
- Mulberry molars
What is ectodermal dysplasia
- congenital absence of ectodermal structure
- X-linked recessive
What structures form from ectoderm
- skin
- mucous membrane of mouth
- brain, spinal cord
- tooth enamel
What are the symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia
- dry skin
- partial/total absence of sweat and salivary glands
- teeth effected
How does ectodermal dysplasia effect the teeth
- retarted eruption
- deformed
- conical crowns
How may carriers of ectodermal dysplasia present
minimal hypodontia
Which substances in the blood may cause staining of the teeth
- bilirubin
- tetracycline
How does bilirubin stain the teeth
yellow/green change
usually linked to severe jaundice
What is tetracycline
antibiotic
used to treat chalmydia, acne and helicobacter
contraindicated in <12
How does tetracycline cause staining
- binds to calcium ions and becomes part of the tooths internal structure
- presents as a linear band
What are the different conditions that can have oral mucosa effects
- giant cell granuloma
- Addison’s
- Immune deficiency
- skin immune disease
- haematinic deficiency
What is a giant cell granuloma
can be peripheral or central
peripheral ones present as swellings varying in size, commonly ulcerated
histologically will show focal collections of multinucleate giant cels
Why should you always take an xray of a giant cell epulis
- central giant cell granuloma may have perforated the cortex and presented as a peripheral lesion
When a central giant cell granuloma is seen, why should we check parathyroid function
- could be as a result of excess parathyroid stimulation of osteoclasts
- reactive parathyroidism may be the cause due to renal failure, hypocalcaemia and parathyroid tumour
- increased PTH as a response to reduced serum calcium causes increased osteoclast activity to increase serum calcium
*known as browns tumour - histologically identical to CGCG but they have different clinical features
What is Addison’s
- autoimmune condition impacting the adrenal glands
- results in reduced production of aldosterone and cortisol
What are the mucosal effects of Addison’s
melanin pigmentation
What are the immune deficiency/diseases that can result in mucosal changes
- OFG
- sjogren’s
- autoimmune disease
- infections
