Oral Manifestations

Question 1

What is oral ulceration?

Answer 1

Discontinuity of the oral mucosa

Question 2

Solitary ulcer:

• What causes can be excluded?
• What causes should be considered?

Answer 2

• Trauma

- Malignancy, infection (TB or tertiary syphilis)

Question 3

Most common cause of multiple ulcers

Answer 3

Recurrent aphthous ulceration

Question 4

3 types of recurrent aphthous ulceration

Answer 4

Major, minor, herpetiform

Question 5

Bechet’s:

• What body system does it involve?
• Other features seen as well as oral ulcers

Answer 5

• Multisystem disease

- Genital ulceration, uveitis, erythema nodosum

Question 6

Oral manifestations of anaemia

Answer 6

Mucosal pallor, oral ulceration, glossitis, angular cheilitis, disturbed taste

Question 7

Mucocutaneous disorders that can cause ulceration

Answer 7

Lichen planus, vesicobullous disease, lupus erythematosus

Question 8

Oral manifestation in lichen planus

Answer 8

Bilateral and asymptomatic

Question 9

Oral manifestation in lupus erythematous

Answer 9

White patches or red and white patches

Question 10

Underlying malabsorption causes of oral manifestations

Answer 10

Crohn’s, UC, peutz jeghers, gardeners syndrome

Question 11

Features of oral manifestation of Crohn’s disease

Answer 11

• Cobble-stoning of the mucosa
• Localised mucogingivitis
• Linear ulceration
• Tissue tags/polyps
• Diffuse swelling – commonly of the lips
• Pyostomatitis vegetans

Question 12

Features of oral manifestations of ulcerative colitis

Answer 12

• Oral ulceration
• Pyostomatitis vegetans
• Angular stomatitis

Question 13

Causes of white patches that wipe off

Answer 13

Pseudomembranous candida/thrush

Question 14

Causes of white patches that don’t wipe off

Answer 14

Trauma, epithelial dysplasia, neoplasia, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Question 15

Xerostomia

Answer 15

Dry mouth

Question 16

Causes of xerostomia

Answer 16

Drugs, sjogren’s syndrome, radiation therapy

Question 17

Sjoren’s syndrome:

• Symptoms
• Gender commonly affected
• Oral manifestations

Answer 17

• Dry eyes and mouth
• Females
• Enlarged salivary glands, increased caries, depapillated tongue/fissures, red dry wrinkled mucosa

Question 18

Causes of dental erosion

Answer 18

GORD, bulimia, dietary cause

Question 19

Oral manifestations relating to leukaemia

Answer 19

• Gingival enlargement
• Petechiae
• Mucosal bleeding
• Ulceration
• Infiltration by malignant cells
• Boggy gingivae

Question 20

Oral manifestations of HIV

Answer 20

• Ulceration
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
• HPV lesions
• Salivary gland swelling

Question 21

Oral cancers include cancers of what?

Answer 21

Gum, lip, palate, base of tongue, tonsil, floor of mouth, oropharynx, hypopharynx, piriform sinus

Question 22

Risk factors for oral cancers

Answer 22

Tobacco, alcohol, poor diet and nutrition, HPV, UVL, candida

Question 23

Other forms of tobacco compared to smoking cigarettes

Answer 23

Reverse smoking, bidi smoking, tobacco chewing, qat

Question 24

Safe alcohol limit

Answer 24

14 units a week

Question 25

What is one unit of alcohol as beer, wine, spirit

Answer 25

Half pint of beer, a ‘shot’, glass of wine

Question 26

A diet low in which nutrients has an increased risk of oral cancer

Answer 26

Vitamin A, vitamin C, iron

Question 27

Warning signs for oral cancer

Answer 27

Red/white lesion, ulcer, numbness, unexplained pain in mouth/neck, change in voice, dysphagia

Question 28

Orofacial manifestations of oral cancer

Answer 28

Drooping eyelid or facial palsy, fracture of mandible, double vision, facial swelling, blocked or bleeding from nose