Oral Manifestations Flashcards
What is oral ulceration?
Discontinuity of the oral mucosa
Solitary ulcer:
- What causes can be excluded?
- What causes should be considered?
- Trauma
- Malignancy, infection (TB or tertiary syphilis)
Most common cause of multiple ulcers
Recurrent aphthous ulceration
3 types of recurrent aphthous ulceration
Major, minor, herpetiform
Bechet’s:
- What body system does it involve?
- Other features seen as well as oral ulcers
- Multisystem disease
- Genital ulceration, uveitis, erythema nodosum
Oral manifestations of anaemia
Mucosal pallor, oral ulceration, glossitis, angular cheilitis, disturbed taste
Mucocutaneous disorders that can cause ulceration
Lichen planus, vesicobullous disease, lupus erythematosus
Oral manifestation in lichen planus
Bilateral and asymptomatic
Oral manifestation in lupus erythematous
White patches or red and white patches
Underlying malabsorption causes of oral manifestations
Crohn’s, UC, peutz jeghers, gardeners syndrome
Features of oral manifestation of Crohn’s disease
- Cobble-stoning of the mucosa
- Localised mucogingivitis
- Linear ulceration
- Tissue tags/polyps
- Diffuse swelling – commonly of the lips
- Pyostomatitis vegetans
Features of oral manifestations of ulcerative colitis
- Oral ulceration
- Pyostomatitis vegetans
- Angular stomatitis
Causes of white patches that wipe off
Pseudomembranous candida/thrush
Causes of white patches that don’t wipe off
Trauma, epithelial dysplasia, neoplasia, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Xerostomia
Dry mouth
Causes of xerostomia
Drugs, sjogren’s syndrome, radiation therapy
Sjoren’s syndrome:
- Symptoms
- Gender commonly affected
- Oral manifestations
- Dry eyes and mouth
- Females
- Enlarged salivary glands, increased caries, depapillated tongue/fissures, red dry wrinkled mucosa
Causes of dental erosion
GORD, bulimia, dietary cause
Oral manifestations relating to leukaemia
- Gingival enlargement
- Petechiae
- Mucosal bleeding
- Ulceration
- Infiltration by malignant cells
- Boggy gingivae
Oral manifestations of HIV
- Ulceration
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- HPV lesions
- Salivary gland swelling
Oral cancers include cancers of what?
Gum, lip, palate, base of tongue, tonsil, floor of mouth, oropharynx, hypopharynx, piriform sinus
Risk factors for oral cancers
Tobacco, alcohol, poor diet and nutrition, HPV, UVL, candida
Other forms of tobacco compared to smoking cigarettes
Reverse smoking, bidi smoking, tobacco chewing, qat
Safe alcohol limit
14 units a week
What is one unit of alcohol as beer, wine, spirit
Half pint of beer, a ‘shot’, glass of wine
A diet low in which nutrients has an increased risk of oral cancer
Vitamin A, vitamin C, iron
Warning signs for oral cancer
Red/white lesion, ulcer, numbness, unexplained pain in mouth/neck, change in voice, dysphagia
Orofacial manifestations of oral cancer
Drooping eyelid or facial palsy, fracture of mandible, double vision, facial swelling, blocked or bleeding from nose
