Oral Language Flashcards
Language Acquisition
the process by which individuals learn a language
Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle
Using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write
Heterogeneous Group
group comprised of individuals working on various levels
Overgeneralization
the application of a grammar rule in a place where it doesn’t apply
overgeneralization is used as a name for a specific stage of language acquisition in which children apply a grammatical rule (like forming past tense verbs by adding -ed) too widely (resulting in nonwords like eated).
A student adds -s to make everything plural, even irregular plural nouns. “I brushed my tooths this morning.”
Phonetics
the sounds of human speech
Paralanguage
includes intonation, pitch, and volume
Transition Words
Phrases and words used to link sentences, paragraphs, and ideas together.
First, next, last, on the other hand
Syllable Awareness / Syllabication / Syllable Segmentation
the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words
“Education” has four syllables “ed-u-ca-tion”
Pragmatics
The study of language in use, not in its structure; or the appropriate use of language.
Oral Language Assessment
Listen to, analyze, and record brief episodes of students’ oral language to assess needs, strengths, interests, and next steps to support growth.
Semantics
The study of word or symbol meaning.
“love” which has many different meanings in English
Literal vs figurative meaning of “Raining cats and dogs”
Cognates
Words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling, and pronunciation.
family-familia; computer-computadora, and bicycle-bicicleta
Active Listening
method of communication that focuses on mutual understanding to prevent confusion. Includes attending, listening, and responding.
focused attention
Phoneme
the smallest individual sounds in a word
The word “bit” has three phonemes – b – i – t.
Demonstrative Pronoun
this, that, these, those
These boxes are ready for shipment. Those boxes aren’t.
Demonstrative Pronoun identifies someone or something
This is my chair.
These are her clothes
That is Belle’s house.
Direct Quotation
an exact reproduction of the words of an author or a speaker that are set-off in quotation marks
Patrick Henry said, “Give me liberty, or give me death!”
Orthography
Spelling patterns of language
Tense
words that indicate if a statement is referring to past time, present time, or future time
Past- She spoke. Present- She speaks. Future- She will speak
English Language Learners (ELLs)
Students who are learning the English language, or for whom English is not a first language
Dialogue Tag
followed or preceded by a comma or punctuation mark, with quotation marks around the quotation
As Mark exited the highway, he thought, “I hope this is the right way.”
Connotation
the implied meaning of a word; the feeling a word conveys
Describing a person as “shrewd” may make them feel negatively, even though the definition (sharp-witted, intelligent) is positive.
Morphology
he study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.
The word “bicycles” is made up of three individual morphemes. The prefix bi-, the stem cycle, and the suffix -s.
Homogeneous Group
group comprised of individuals working on the same level
A small group of students reading a book together on the same reading level is a homogeneous group.
Syntax
Rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences.
