Oral Language

Question 1

Language Acquisition

Answer 1

the process by which individuals learn a language

Question 2

Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle

Answer 2

Using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write

Question 3

Heterogeneous Group

Answer 3

group comprised of individuals working on various levels

Question 4

Overgeneralization

Answer 4

the application of a grammar rule in a place where it doesn’t apply

overgeneralization is used as a name for a specific stage of language acquisition in which children apply a grammatical rule (like forming past tense verbs by adding -ed) too widely (resulting in nonwords like eated).

A student adds -s to make everything plural, even irregular plural nouns. “I brushed my tooths this morning.”

Question 5

Phonetics

Answer 5

the sounds of human speech

Question 6

Paralanguage

Answer 6

includes intonation, pitch, and volume

Question 7

Transition Words

Answer 7

Phrases and words used to link sentences, paragraphs, and ideas together.

First, next, last, on the other hand

Question 8

Syllable Awareness / Syllabication / Syllable Segmentation

Answer 8

the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words

“Education” has four syllables “ed-u-ca-tion”

Question 9

Pragmatics

Answer 9

The study of language in use, not in its structure; or the appropriate use of language.

Question 10

Oral Language Assessment

Answer 10

Listen to, analyze, and record brief episodes of students’ oral language to assess needs, strengths, interests, and next steps to support growth.

Question 11

Semantics

Answer 11

The study of word or symbol meaning.

“love” which has many different meanings in English

Literal vs figurative meaning of “Raining cats and dogs”

Question 12

Cognates

Answer 12

Words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling, and pronunciation.

family-familia; computer-computadora, and bicycle-bicicleta

Question 13

Active Listening

Answer 13

method of communication that focuses on mutual understanding to prevent confusion. Includes attending, listening, and responding.

focused attention

Question 14

Phoneme

Answer 14

the smallest individual sounds in a word

The word “bit” has three phonemes – b – i – t.

Question 15

Demonstrative Pronoun

Answer 15

this, that, these, those

These boxes are ready for shipment. Those boxes aren’t.

Demonstrative Pronoun identifies someone or something

This is my chair.
These are her clothes
That is Belle’s house.

Question 16

Direct Quotation

Answer 16

an exact reproduction of the words of an author or a speaker that are set-off in quotation marks

Patrick Henry said, “Give me liberty, or give me death!”

Question 17

Orthography

Answer 17

Spelling patterns of language

Question 18

Tense

Answer 18

words that indicate if a statement is referring to past time, present time, or future time

Past- She spoke. Present- She speaks. Future- She will speak

Question 19

English Language Learners (ELLs)

Answer 19

Students who are learning the English language, or for whom English is not a first language

Question 20

Dialogue Tag

Answer 20

followed or preceded by a comma or punctuation mark, with quotation marks around the quotation

As Mark exited the highway, he thought, “I hope this is the right way.”

Question 21

Connotation

Answer 21

the implied meaning of a word; the feeling a word conveys

Describing a person as “shrewd” may make them feel negatively, even though the definition (sharp-witted, intelligent) is positive.

Question 22

Morphology

Answer 22

he study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.

The word “bicycles” is made up of three individual morphemes. The prefix bi-, the stem cycle, and the suffix -s.

Question 23

Homogeneous Group

Answer 23

group comprised of individuals working on the same level

A small group of students reading a book together on the same reading level is a homogeneous group.

Question 24

Syntax

Answer 24

Rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences.

Question 25

Paraphrased Quotation

Answer 25

the author is conveying the meaning of what was said without necessarily repeating the exact words of the speaker

The president said he would pay teachers more.

Question 26

Phonology

Answer 26

the systematic organization of sounds in languages

Question 27

Morpheme

Answer 27

A combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be divided into smaller grammatical parts. This includes prefixes and suffixes.

write, cat, laugh, box

Question 28

Precise (Writing

Answer 28

in writing, a sentence that contains specific details and avoids wordy descriptions

turquoise instead of light bluish green

Question 29

Language Experience Approach (LEA)

Answer 29

Promotes reading and writing through the use of personal experiences and oral language; Materials are learner-generated.

Question 30

Oral Language

Answer 30

The system that relates sounds to meanings through communicating by word of mouth.

Question 31

Growth Chart

Answer 31

a tool for assessing a students mastery of oral language skills