Oral health and disease Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the most common global health condition
Untreated tooth decay
Affects 34% of population
What is a macrobiome
The bigger picture
All the factors and society can influence the microbiome, patients and infections
What is streptococcus mutans
Oral microbe
Gram positive cocci in chains
How does streptococcus mutans cause tooth decay
Produce lactic acid which accumulates to cause decay
Which pH favours replication of streptococcus mutans
Below pH 5.5
What is the critical pH
pH 5.5
The critical pH is the pH below which the enamel starts to demineralize
What are the virulence factors of streptococcus mutans
Extracellular polysaccharide synthesis (protective)
Biofilm formation
What is the oral microbiome
The sum of microbes,
their genetic information &
the environment in which they interact
What is symbiosis
Microbiome is in harmony with the host (ecological balance)
No net demineralisation
What factors encourage symbiosis
Infrequent sugar intake
Decreased pathogen metabolism
Increased commensal metabolism
Decreased bacterial load
What is Dysbiosis
Plaque dominated by pathogenic bacteria leading to high net acid production and in turn enamel demineralisation
What factors encourage dysbiosis
Frequent sugar intake
Increased pathogen metabolism
Decreased commensal metabolism
Increased bacterial load
What are the risk factors of caries
Diet
Bacteria
Time
What are the preventative factors of dental caries
Dental sealants
Antibacterial agents
Salivary stimulants
Fluoride
Protein
Sugars
Plaque
Saliva (buffers)
How many people are affected by peripdontal disease
Over 1 billion people
What is porphyromonas gingivalis
Gram negative bacilli
Strict anaerobes (oxygen is toxic)
What are anaerobic microbes susceptible to
Metronidazole and penicillin
What are the virulence factors of porphymonas gingivalis
Capsule, outer membrane vesicles, Lipopolysaccharides
Increased resistance to phagocytosis
Ability to cause an inflammatory reaction
What does the higher redox potential mean
Greater likelihood of Having bacteria associated with ecological balance
What factors promote gingival health
Reduced inflammation
Lower temp
Lower pH
Higher Eh (redox)
Predominantly Gram-positive microflora
What does the presence of predominantly Gram-negative microflora, increased inflammation and a high GCF flow indicate
Gingivitis -reduced oral health
What are facultative microbes
Microbes that can survive with or without oxygen
What are obligate anaerobes
Microbes that can only survive in the absence of oxygen
