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Patient safety > Oral health and disease > Flashcards

Oral health and disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common global health condition

A

Untreated tooth decay
Affects 34% of population

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2
Q

What is a macrobiome

A

The bigger picture
All the factors and society can influence the microbiome, patients and infections

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3
Q

What is streptococcus mutans

A

Oral microbe
Gram positive cocci in chains

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4
Q

How does streptococcus mutans cause tooth decay

A

Produce lactic acid which accumulates to cause decay

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5
Q

Which pH favours replication of streptococcus mutans

A

Below pH 5.5

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6
Q

What is the critical pH

A

pH 5.5
The critical pH is the pH below which the enamel starts to demineralize

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7
Q

What are the virulence factors of streptococcus mutans

A

Extracellular polysaccharide synthesis (protective)

Biofilm formation

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8
Q

What is the oral microbiome

A

The sum of microbes, ​
their genetic information &​
the environment in which they interact​

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9
Q

What is symbiosis

A

Microbiome is in harmony with the host (ecological balance)

No net demineralisation

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10
Q

What factors encourage symbiosis

A

Infrequent sugar intake
Decreased pathogen metabolism
Increased commensal metabolism
Decreased bacterial load

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11
Q

What is Dysbiosis

A

Plaque dominated by pathogenic bacteria leading to high net acid production and in turn enamel demineralisation

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12
Q

What factors encourage dysbiosis

A

Frequent sugar intake
Increased pathogen metabolism
Decreased commensal metabolism
Increased bacterial load

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13
Q

What are the risk factors of caries

A

Diet
Bacteria
Time

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14
Q

What are the preventative factors of dental caries

A

Dental sealants
Antibacterial agents
Salivary stimulants
Fluoride
Protein
Sugars
Plaque
Saliva (buffers)

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15
Q

How many people are affected by peripdontal disease

A

Over 1 billion people

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16
Q

What is porphyromonas gingivalis

A

Gram negative bacilli
Strict anaerobes (oxygen is toxic)

17
Q

What are anaerobic microbes susceptible to

A

Metronidazole and penicillin

18
Q

What are the virulence factors of porphymonas gingivalis

A

Capsule, outer membrane vesicles, Lipopolysaccharides

Increased resistance to phagocytosis
Ability to cause an inflammatory reaction

19
Q

What does the higher redox potential mean

A

Greater likelihood of Having bacteria associated with ecological balance

20
Q

What factors promote gingival health

A

Reduced inflammation
Lower temp
Lower pH
Higher Eh (redox)
Predominantly Gram-positive microflora

21
Q

What does the presence of predominantly Gram-negative microflora, increased inflammation and a high GCF flow indicate

A

Gingivitis -reduced oral health

22
Q

What are facultative microbes

A

Microbes that can survive with or without oxygen

23
Q

What are obligate anaerobes

A

Microbes that can only survive in the absence of oxygen

Patient safety (4 decks)

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