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Patient safety > Bacterial Growth > Flashcards

Bacterial Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What are Pilli

A

(hair) - used in adhesion, can be antiphagocytic
Oral bacteria use them to stick to teeth

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2
Q

How do bacteria multiply

A

Binary fission (exponential growth)

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3
Q

If a bacteria’s doubling time is 30 mins how many are present after 10 hours

A

1,048,576

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4
Q

What is facultative bacteria

A

Can survive with or without oxygen

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5
Q

What are capniphilic bacteria

A

Survive on CO2

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6
Q

What are microaerophillic bacteria

A

Require small amounts of oxygen

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7
Q

What are the stages of a bacterial growth graph

A

Lag phase
Logarithmic phase
Stationary phase
Death

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8
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics of antibiotics

A

How different classes of antibiotics interact with bacteria
-some are conc dependent (metranidazole)
-some only require doses to be above the inhibitory conc of the bacteria

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9
Q

What makes it non-selective blood agar

A

Will grow many different bacteria
-Helps provide a broad overview

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10
Q

Why is selective used

A

Can refine diagnoses by selecting for a particular pathogen
Will only grow some types

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11
Q

What colour does S.aureas appear on mannitol salt agar

A

Yellow (ferments mannitol)

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12
Q

What colour does S. epidermidis appear on mannitol salt agar

A

Pink

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13
Q

How can gram positive and negative cells be distinguished

A

Gram positive retain the dye complex - appear blue black

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14
Q

Why do gram positive bacteria stain blue/black

A

Thick peptidoglycan sticks to stain

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15
Q

What are the differences between gram + and gram - cells

A

Negative
-thin peptidoglycan layer in (periplasmic space) cell wall
-purple stain cannot attach

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16
Q

What are exotoxins

A

Proteins produced inside the cell and excreted outwards (produced by both bacteria)

17
Q

What are endotoxins

A

Fragments of the bacterial cell walls (gram negative)

18
Q

What is another name for endotoxins

A

Lipopolysaccharide

19
Q

Why is a gram stain useful

A

Helps provide a provisional diagnosis
Helps guide an empirical antibiotic treatment

20
Q

What microorganism causes dental caries

A

Streptococcus mutans

21
Q

What bacteria is staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram postive cocci

22
Q

What microorganism causes meningitis

A

Neisseria meningitidis
-Gram negative cocci

23
Q

What micro-organism causes periodontal disease

A

Prevotella intermedia
Gram negative bacilli

24
Q

What conditions does the bacteria which causes periodontal disease thrive in

A

Anaerobic conditions (black pigmentum anaerobes)

25
Q

What microorganisms are unidentifiable on gram stains

A

Mycobacterium

26
Q

Where does the name for staphylococcus aureus come from

A

Staphylos - grapes
Coccus - round
Aureus - golden (usually more dull grey)

27
Q

What are the subclassifications of S. aureus

A

Methicillin sensitive
Methicillin resistant (MRSA)

28
Q

What is colonization

A

The presence of micro-organism (s) in or on a host, with growth and muliplication, but without any overt clinical expression (infection) at the time the micro-organism is isolated

29
Q

What sites are frequently colonised by S. aureus

A

Nose
throat
Axilla (armpit)
Groin

30
Q

What are the carrier states

A

Persistent carriers
Intermittent
Non-carriers

31
Q

What are the risk factors for S. aureus colonisation

A

Antibiotic use
Diabetes, Renal dialysis, HIV, Obesity
Hospitalisation
Colonised partner

32
Q

What is the definition of infection

A

Invasion of the body by pathogenic microbes and the reaction of the tissues to their presence and to the toxins generated by them
Signs & Symptoms:
-Redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

33
Q

What are the types of infections produced by S. aureus

A

Pyogenic (pus producing)
Toxin mediated

34
Q

What pyogenic infections does S. aureus cause

A

Boils
Abscesses
Mastitis
Endocarditis
Impetigo

35
Q

What toxin mediated infections can S. aureus cause

A

Toxic shock syndrome
Food poisoning
PVL

36
Q

What oral infections are caused by S. aureus

A

Angular cheilitis (around mouth)
Parotitis (parotid gland)
Osteomyelitis
Staphylococcal mucositis

37
Q

What is salt used for on mannitol agar

A

Supresses the growth of many microorganisms
-Makes it selective

38
Q

How does the agar turn yellow when the mannitol is fermented by S. aureus

A

pH indicator present

Patient safety (4 decks)

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