Oral Communication 1st Flashcards
People communicate to share and gain information; students also have the opportunity to share what they know.
Information
People communicate to express how they feel. For example, A man may express his affection for another person by verbally saying it through a simple gesture such as a hug.
Emotional Expression
People communicate to manage the behavior of others. For instance, In a company, communication is used to maintain control over employees and their work environment. This communication comes in the form of policies and other written materials which dictate how employees are to act in the workplace.
Control or Regulation
People communicate to connect with each other, Humans are social beings who mingle in different settings. For example, a group of friends hang out in bars or cafes to talk and catch up on each others activities.
Social Interaction
People communicate to encourage others to improve or become better. For instance, a coach may give a pep talk to his team before the tournament to get spirits up and deliver a positive performance.
Motivation
Communication serves five major functions within a group or organization. What are they?
Control or Regulation
Social Interaction
Motivation
Information
Emotional Expression
What are the 6 barriers to intercultural communication.
- Ethnocentrism
- Stereotypes
- Interpretation of Time (Chronemics)
- Personal space requirements (Proxemics)
- Body language
- Translation Limitations
___ Is the sending and receiving of messages across languages and cultures [ARENT, 2009]
Intercultural Communication
Thinking one’s culture is more superior to another.
Evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture.
Ethonocentrism
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing:
Stereotype
Refers to the way people use space to convey meanings.
Proxemics
The study of body language as a form of non-verbal communication.
Kinesics
Is the study of how touch is used to delivery a message.
Haptics
Refers to the non-verbal sounds accompanying language.
Paralanguage
A person’s appearance depends on his/her age, gender, race, education attained, and profession. The way you dress and groom also communicates your social and cultural roles and personal qualities.
Personal Appearance
enables a communicator to understand and interact with other cultures by applying attitudes, values, and understanding.
Intercultural competence
is a system of communication which consist of a set of sounds and symbols.
Language
Involves the rules for combining sounds to form a word.
Phonological Component
Rules that enables the speaker to combine words into sentences.
Syntactic Component
How meaning is conveyed in a language.
Semantic Component
Governs how a message is interpreted appropriately in a given context.
*Language is based on social convention.
*Language can be learned.
Regulative Component
Unique expressions, newly coined words, and distinct language
Language Evolves
This Model uses the term participants to refer to the sender and the receiver, noise indicates the possibility of unsuccessful communication, environment, and schema.
Transactional Model
This model illustrates communication as a one-way activity where messages or information flows from the speaker to the listener.
Linear Model
A two-way exchange which features the element of feedback. Interaction model requires both parties to respond.
Interactive Communication Model
Encoding is an act of transforming messages into verbal or non-verbal, medium, and decoding the act of interpreting the messages are simultaneously done by both speaker and listener.
Schramm’s Model of Communication
[Wilbur Schramm, 1954]
This model suggests five elements in the communication, process namely the message, the sender, the channel, the receiver and the feed back.
SMCR Model
[by David Berto, 1960]
Describes one-way interaction and is most applicable for public speaking. Communication starts when the speaker develops proof or arguments used for persuasion. The proof then will be organized, written in the most convincing way, and then presented before an audience.
Aristotle’s Speaker Centered Model
is the transmission of information ideas and emotion, skills through the use of symbols, words, pictures, figures, and graphs.
Communication
“A tool that makes societies possible and distinguishes humans from other societies.”
-Schramm
Communication
refer to both the speaker and the listener.
Participants
is a vital element in varied disciplines because of its richness in scope and extent of the application.
Communication
refer to the interrelated conditions of communication (PADILLA ET AL., 2023) which affect how people understand the message.
Context
What are the 5 classification of context?
- Physical Context
- Social Context
- Psychological Context
- Cultural Context
- Historical Context
time temperature, noise (Context)
Physical Context
moods, feelings at the moment (Context)
Psychological Context
beliefs, values, norms (Context)
Cultural Context
nature of relationship (Context)
Social Context
background provided from previous interactions (Context)
Historical Context
refers to the meanings, ideas and feelings.
Message
the speaker sends though ___ which transmit his/her ideas and feelings to the listener.
Channel
is the channel that enables communicator to send the receive information such as hand gesture, bodily movements and facial expressions.
Visual Channel (Light)
This channel enables to receive info through the tone, volume and pitch of the voice.
Auditory Channel [Sound]
is the reaction or response of the listener.
Feedback
The disruption which present messages from being interpreted.
Noise
Type of Noise (see or hear in real life)
External Noise
Type of Noise (Inside of mind, feelings)
Internal Noise
Type of Noise (Not familiar with the words)
Semantic Noise
What are the 8 basic behaviors for intercultural competence?
- Display of respect
- Orientation of knowledge
- Empathy
- Interaction Management
- Task Role Behavior
- Relational Role Behavior\
- Tolerance Ambiguity
- Emotional Expression & Interaction Posture.
Putting yourself in someone else’s shoes.
Empathy
