ORAL COMM Flashcards by Trisha Estrella

is “the act or process of using words, sounds,
signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or for
expressing your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone
else.”

Communication

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It is the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information,
as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.

Communication

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is a systematic process in which people
interact with and through symbols to create and interpret
meanings.

Communication

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is a process by which verbal and non-verbal
symbols are sent, received and given meaning.

Communication

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Known as verbal communication and is the
interchange of verbal messages between the
sender & the receiver.

Oral Communication

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is the process of expressing information or
ideas by word of mouth.

Oral Communication

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6 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

Sender
Receiver
Ideas
Encoding
Decoding
Feedback

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It is a two-way process

Communication

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Mostly used in mass media communication

Linear Model of Communication

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Model of communication that is mostly used in mass media communication

Linear Model of Communication

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In this model of communication the sender is more prominent.

Linear Model of Communication

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The message is encoded and
transmitted through channel in the
presence of noise.

Linear Model of Communication

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Any communication that makes use
of words, whether written or spoken.
________ is the written
or oral use of words to communicate.

Verbal Communication

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Communicate with the help of spoken words.

Oral Communication

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6 Effective oral communication

Clear and Proper
Clarity and Precision
Brevity
Proper tone
Pitch
Right Registers

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____ and _____ defined non-verbal
communication as “communication by means of
elements and behaviors that are not coded into
words.”

Bartol and Martin

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________ states that “… the most important
thing in communication is to hear what isn’t
being said.

Peter Drucker

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“communication by means of
elements and behaviors that are not coded into
words.”

Non-verbal communication

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the most important
thing in communication is to ____ what isn’t
being ____

hear & said

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results from
one or more motions or positions
of the muscles of the face.

Facial expression

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are the primary
means of conveying social
information among humans.

Facial expression

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he believed that facial
expressions show emotions which
originated in our evolutionary past.
People use a common pattern of facial
expression to show emotions.

Charles Darwin

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is a movement or position of the
hand, arm, body, head or face that is
expressive of an idea, opinion, or emotion.

Gesture

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is a form of non-verbal
communication in which visible bodily
actions communicate particular messages,
either in a place of speech or together and in
parallel spoken words.

Gesture

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it allows individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection.

Gesture

is a form of non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements.

Body Language

Borg attests that human communication consists of __ body language and paralinguistic cues

93%

4 importance of Non-verbal communication

1. Convey empathy and emotions 2. Proper interpretation 3. Instinctive nature 4. Understanding

Non-verbal communication is used to show emotions like happiness, anger, sadness, interest, curiosity, hurt, annoyance, anxiety, embarrassment, pleasure, hope, etc. People show these emotions unconsciously most of the times

Convey empathy and emotions

Interpretation of non-verbal signals is not very easy at all times as it differs from person to person and culture to culture as well as non-verbal communication does not have fixed meanings and is different according to contexts

Proper interpretation

As non-verbal communication is based on instinct mostly, people speak truth. We should believe non-verbal massages more than verbal messages if there is a conflict between two people

Instinctive nature

Non-verbal communication increases understanding of messages. When verbal communication and nonverbal communication are similar, it establishes better perspective on the message being sent.

Understanding

The person who conveys the message with the intention of passing the information and ideas to others

Sender

Is the person who receives the message or for whom the message is meant for. It is the receiver who tries to understand the message in the best possible manner in achieving the desired objectives.

Receiver

This is the subject matter of the communication. This may be an opinion, attitude, feelings, views, orders, or suggestions

Ideas

Since the subject matter of communication is theoretical and intangible, its further passing requires use of certain symbols such as words, actions or pictures etc.

Encoding

Person who receives the message or symbol from the communicator tries to convert the same in such a way so that he may extract its meaning to his complete understanding.

Decoding

is the process of ensuring that the receiver has received the message and understood in the same sense as sender meant it.

Feedback

The process of selecting and organizing symbols to represent a message requires skills and knowledge.

Encoding barriers

[Encoding] A breakdown in communication may result when a message is not adapted to its receiver

Lack of Sensitivity to Receiver

[Encoding] The receiver is less likely to understand the message if the sender has trouble choosing the precise words needed and arranging those words in a grammatically-correct sentence.

Lack of Basic Communication Skill

[Encoding] The sender lacks specific information about something, the receiver will likely receive an unclear or mixed message.

Insufficient Knowledge of the Subject

[Encoding] If you receive a message with too much information, you may tend to put up a barrier because the amount of information is coming so fast that you may have difficulty comfortably interpreting that information.

Information Overload

[Encoding] An emotional individual may not be able to communicate well.

Emotional Interference

The communication cycle may break down at the receiving end for some of these reasons

Decoding Barriers

[Decoding] If a message reaches a reader who is not interested in the message, the reader may read the message hurriedly or listen to the message carelessly

Lack of Interest

[Decoding] - If a receiver is unable to understand a message filled with technical information, communication will break down

Lack of Knowledge

[Decoding] Those who have weak reading and listening skills make ineffective receivers

Lack of Communication Skills

[Decoding] If emotions interfere with the creation and transmission of a message, they can also disrupt reception

Emotional Distractions

[Decoding] If a receiver of a communication works in an area with bright lights, glare on computer screens, loud noises, excessively hot or cold work spaces, or physical ailments, that receiver will probably experience communication breakdowns on a regular basis.

Physical Distractions

4 Kinds of Barriers to Effective Communication

Environmental/Physical Cultural Semantic Psychological BARRIERS

Communication also takes place between people belonging to different nationalities, religions, castes, creeds, races, ethnicities etc. in other words, when two persons are communicating with each other, there may be differences in their cultural backgrounds.

Cultural Barriers

When communicating with other persons, no matter what kind of communication means is utilized, whether it is formal or informal, it is vital to make use of appropriate words, vocabulary and language; all kinds of communication should reflect decency

Semantic Barriers

In the process of communication, it is vital to understand each other’s mindset and mental capacity; this applies in every case whether it is a professor giving a lecture or a conversation between the employer and an employee.

Psychological Barriers

Time, space, place

Physical/Environmental Barriers

5 Functions of Communication

Regulation and Control Social Interaction Motivation Information Emotions

A means of limiting or regulating something

Regulation

is a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority

regulation

the power to influence or direct people's behavior or the course of events

Control

an exchange takes place between two or more persons for social fulfillment

Social Interaction

ties of union are created by mere exchange of ___

words

as a function of communication it refers to a person using language to express desires, needs, wants, likes and dislikes, inclinations, choices, aspirations.

Motivation

In this function, persuasion is used to move the Listener away from his/her own position toward the Speaker's own position.

Motivation

This is the most useful function of communication

Information

One the of characteristics that distinguish humans from animals is their ability to communicate through _____

emotional expression

is a mental state or feeling toward something and is marked by physiologial and behavioral changes in the body

Emotions