21ST Flashcards
refer to techniques that writers use to create
a special and pointed effect in their writing, to convey
information, or to help readers understand their writing on a
deeper level
Literary devices
This happens when an author refers to the events or
characters from another story in her own story with the
hopes of those events will add context or depth to the
story she/he is trying to tell.
Allusion
It is the choice of words and style of expression that an
author makes and uses in his/her work.
Diction
is not only about the writer’s choice of words but also includes the mood, attitude, dialect,
and style of writing.
Diction
Example:
Night after night, our hero lay in bed with the flu,
hacking mucus and blood and seeing behind his
eyelids the angels or devils come to collect him. But
one morning, like Lazarus, he was whole again.
Allusion
To impress upon the relationship and the age gap
between the two (2) characters of the story, the writer
chose to use “I’ll do it right away, sir” instead of
“Yeah, just in a sec” in the dialogue.
Diction
To impress upon the relationship and the age gap
between the two (2) characters of the story, the writer
chose to use “I’ll do it right away, sir” instead of
“Yeah, just in a sec” in the dialogue.
C. Euphemism
It refers to the use of milder or indirect word
It refers to the use of milder or indirect word to substitute
a harsh or blunt word when referring to something
unpleasant (e.g. sex, violence, death, crimes) or
embarrassing.
Euphemism
Examples:
• “Gone to heaven” or “passed away” instead of
died
• “Correctional facility” instead of jail
euphemism
This is a literary device in which a writer gives an
advance hint of what is to come later in the story. It is
done through dialogue, description, or character’s
actions.
foreshadowing
Example:
In the movie, Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral, Gregorio
del Pilar’s nightmare where he nearly drowns,
bleeding from the mouth, is a foreshadowing of his
death at Tirad Pass.
foreshadowing
This is used when an author describes a scene, thing, or
idea so that it appeals to our senses
imagery
used to help the reader clearly visualize parts of the story
by creating a strong mental picture.
imagery
Example:
The girl ran her hands on a soft satin fabric.
imagery
the use of exaggeration to make a point
hyperbole
should not be taken literally and is often used for comedic effect and/or emphasis
hyperbole
Example:
I am so tired I cannot walk another inch.
hyperbole
are when ideas, actions, or objects are
described in non-literal terms
metaphor
is a type of metaphor in which an object, idea,
character, action, etc., is compared to another thing using
the words “as” or “like.”
simile
Examples:
• Tonyo’s sweet is as big as a pearl due to the
humid weather
simile
• The book is a doorway to different parts of the
world.
metaphor
It is the technique where inanimate or nonliving objects
were described as having human-like characteristics or
qualities.
personification
the fire swallowed the entire building
personification
a tree that looks at God all day
personification
determines the angle and perception in
which the story is narrated or depicted.
Point of view
___________ point of view are the most common types that are
used by writers.
first and third person
It’s midnight and the moon shined so bright when
I came to see my love. I was contemplating with
the thought that I am so bad for killing my mother
just to give her heart to the maiden I love. I’m on
my way to my maiden, my legs were shaking,
and my heart kept on pounding. The rain fell and
I was so wet and I fell down to the ground crying,
thinking of my mother who loved me so much.
first person
It’s dark and the moon shined so bright when the
boy came out holding a heart. He left the dead
body of a woman with a breast cut open. He was
teary-eyed staring at the dead body but smiled
when he opened his wallet and stared at the
picture of a beautiful young lady. He glanced at
the heart and said: “this is for the beautiful
maiden.” He ran out holding the heart when it rained and he fell down and started to cry. He
remembered the old woman he left at the house.
third person (unreliable)
It’s midnight and the moon shined so bright when
the boy came to see the maiden he loves. He was
contemplating with the thought that he is so bad
for killing his own mother just to give her heart
to the maiden. On his way, his legs were shaking,
and his heart didn’t stop pounding. The rain fell
and he was so wet when he fell to the ground,
crying, thinking of his mother who loved him so
much.
third person (omniscient)
is when a statement is used to express an opposite
meaning than the one literally expressed by it.
irony
3 types of irony in literature
verbal
situational
dramatic
It is when someone says something but
means the opposite (similar to sarcasm)
verbal irony
Example:
On the way to school, the school bus gets a flat tire,
and the bus driver says, “Excellent! This day couldn’t
start off any better!”
verbal irony
It is when something happens which is
the opposite of what was expected or intended to happen.
situational irony
Example:
A traffic cop gets a traffic violation ticket due to an
expired license
situational irony
