Oral Ch 4 - XC Planning

Question 1

Info required when IFR or not in the vicinity of an airport

Answer 1

N Notams
W Weather
K - Known ATC delays
R - runway lengths
A - Alternate
F - fuel requirements
T - takeoff and landing distance

Question 2

Three types of VFR Charts

Answer 2

1. Sectional
2. Terminal Area Chart - near Class B, zoomed in from Sectional
3. VFR Flyways

Question 3

Classes of NOTAMS

Answer 3

1. Domestic - standard for US airports, helipads, seaports
2. FDC - regulatory information, US security updates
3. International - distributed by ICAO to multiple countries, duplicate info in US NOTAM
4. Military - same format as international, used when at a military or multi-use airport

Question 4

DVFR Flight Plan

Answer 4

Required when flying through an ADIZ. Must depart within 5 mins of stated time.

Question 5

Within what range do VORs emit frequencies?

Answer 5

108-117.95. Just below aviation communication frequencies.

Question 6

Within what range do VORs emit frequencies?

Answer 6

108-117.95. Just below aviation communication frequencies.

Question 7

What is RAIM?

Answer 7

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring - ensures adequate signal is being received from GPS satellites. At least 5 are required for IFR.

Can determine RAIM info by:
1. Specific prediction tool
2. Service Availability Prediction Tool on FAA or RAIM Websites
3. FSS during pre-flight briefings

If RAIM lost in flight, cannot trust GPS is accurate. Handheld devices do not have RAIM, no way to determine if accurate.

Question 8

Before flying using GPS, what should a pilot do?

Answer 8

1. Ensure the GPS system is up to date
2. Check RAIM/NOTAMs throughout route to determine functionality (check FAA NOTAMs)
3. Confirm GPS equipment is properly installed and certified, use with manual
4. Backup with NavAids (VOR)

Question 9

What is WAAS?

Answer 9

Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) - enhances GPS accuracy, especially for altitude. Requires GPS/WAAS enabled equipment

Question 10

What are limitations of handheld GPS equipment?

Answer 10

1. No RAIM
2. Database currency - updates required for IFR, not for VFR.
3. Antenna location - often limited to cockpit, rarely optimized for best signal. Could present erroneous or unavailable information without warning to pilot.

Question 11

What is ADS-B?

Answer 11

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast.

Transmits GPS location, velocity, altitude. Received by ground based receiver to be processed by ATC. Can also receive info in an airplane

Question 12

What are the 4 Cs if lost?

Answer 12

Climb - better gliding, coverage for frequencies, seeing of landmarks
Communicate - 121.5 if cannot reach anything else
Confess - admit you are lost
Comply - implement instructions

Question 13

What is ARTCC?

Answer 13

Primarily for IFR, if have time provide services for VFR. Provide air traffic control service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within controlled airspace and principally during the en route phase of flight

Contact info from Chart Supplement or FSS or ATC.

Air Route Surveillance Radar can detect planes between terminal areas.

Question 14

When does an aircraft not require an ELT?

Answer 14

• Training taking place entirely within 50NM of the primary airport
• Design and testing of aircraft
• Manufacture, delivery
• Agricultural operations

Question 15

What defines acrobatic flight?

Answer 15

Abrupt or abnormal change in altitude, attitude or speed not required for normal flight.

Question 16

Where is acrobatic flight not permitted?

Answer 16

• below 1,500 MSL
• Within the lateral limits of Class B-E
• Vis less than 3SM
• Over a congested area, or open-air gathering of people
• Within 4NM of the centerline of an airway