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HNN > Oral Cavity + Pharynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity + Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hypoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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2
Q

Sensory innervation + taste to the tongue

A
  • anterior 2/3: sensation from lingual branch from trigeminal nerve V | taste from facial VII (chorda tympani)
  • posterior 1/3: sensation + taste from glossopharyngeal IX
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3
Q

Motor innervation to the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • Hypoglossal nerve XII: genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus
  • Vagus nerve X: palatoglossus
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4
Q

Boundaries of the oral cavity

A
  • superior: hard + soft palate
  • inferior: muscular floor
  • lateral + anterior: lip, cheek + body of tongue
  • posterior: uvula, palatine + lingual tonsils, root of tongue
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5
Q

What is Sialolithiasis?

A

Condition where a calcified mass (sialolith) forms within a salivary gland,
Most common in the submandibular gland

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6
Q

What is the nerve of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve XII

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7
Q

What are the salivary glands?

A

Submandibular
Parotid
Sublingual

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8
Q

Symptoms of sialolithiasis

A

Eating stimulates:
- pain in gland
- swelling
- infection

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9
Q

What salivary gland is most likely to have stones?

A

Submandibular

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10
Q

Where is Wharton’s duct?

A

At base of tongue
Either side of lingual frenulum

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11
Q

What are parotid glands secretions transported by?

A

Stensen duct

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12
Q

Location of Stensen duct opening

A

In buccinator near the second upper molar

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13
Q

Pathway of stensen duct

A
  • originates from parotid gland
  • passes through masster muscle
  • pierces buccinator
  • opens into oral cavity near second upper molar
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14
Q

What duct is associated with the submandibular duct?

A

Wharton duct

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15
Q

What duct is associated with parotid gland?

A

Stensen duct

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16
Q

Investigation of sialolithiasis

A

Sialogram

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17
Q

Presentation of tonsillitis

A

Fever
Sore throat
Pain/difficult swallowing
Bad breath

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18
Q

Most common cause of tonsillitis

A

Virus

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19
Q

Most common bacterial cause of tonsillitis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

20
Q

Define tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of palatine tonsils

21
Q

What is quinsy?

A

peritonsillar abscess

22
Q

Presentation of peritonsillar abscess

A
  • Severe throat pain
  • Fever
  • Bad breath
  • Drooling
  • Difficulty opening mouth
  • Deviated uvula
23
Q

How can a peritonsillar abscess arise?

A
  • follow on from untreated tonsillitis
  • can arise on its own: aerobic or anaerobic bacteria
24
Q

Treatment of peritonsillar abscess/quinsy

A
  • analgesia
  • fluids
  • antibiotics benzylpenicillin + metrondiazole
  • surgery for drainage
25
Q

Boundaries of the nasopharynx

A

Lines behind nasal cavity

  • roof: base of skull
  • floor: upper border of soft palate
  • anterior: nasal cavity
  • posterior: C1, C2
26
Q

Contents of the nasopharynx

A
  • pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
  • pharyngeal ostium of auditory tube
27
Q

Presentation of enlarged pharyngeal tonsils

A
  • nasal tone to voice
  • chronic sinusitis
  • sore throat
  • snoring/sleep apnoea
  • sleeping with mouth open
  • recurrent middle ear infections (blocks phayngotympanic tube)
28
Q

Boundaries of oropharynx

A

Behind oral cavity

  • roof: soft palate
  • floor: epiglottis
  • anterior: oral cavity
  • posterior: C2, C3
29
Q

Contents of oropharynx

A

Palatine tonsils
Which lie between the palatoglossal arch + palatopharyngeal arches

30
Q

Boundaries of the laryngopharynx

A

Behind the larynx

  • roof: epiglottis
  • floor: ‘line from’ cricoid cartilage
  • anterior: larynx
  • posterior C4-6
31
Q

Contents of laryngopharynx

A

Pisiform fossa

32
Q

What is the piriform fossa?

A
  • Potential space on either side of the larynx
  • two pyramidal shapes with apex below
33
Q

What are the three longitudinal muscles of the mouth?
What are their innervations?
What is their action

A
  • Stylopharyngeus - glossopharyngeal
  • Palatopharyngeus - vagus
  • Salpingopharyngeus - vagus

Elevate pharynx + larynx during swallowing

34
Q

What are the three pharyngeal constrictors (circular muscles)?
What are their origins?
What is their innervation?
What is their action?

A
  • superior: ptergomandibular raphe
  • middle: hyoid bone
  • inferior: thyropharyngeal: thyroid cartilage | cricopharyngeal: cricoid cartilage
  • vagus nerve X
  • constrict wall of pharynx when swallowing
35
Q

Innervation of the pharyngeal constrictors

A

Vagus nerve X

36
Q

What is a pharyngeal pouch?

A
  • Outpouching of pharynx at level of larynx
  • Arises in weakness between two parts of inferior constrictor muscle
37
Q

Motor innervation of the pharynx

A

Vagus nerve
Except Stylopharyngeus: CN IX

38
Q

Sensory innervation of the nasopharynx

A

Maxillary nerve Vb

39
Q

Sensory innervation of oropharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve IX

40
Q

Sensory innervation of laryngopharynx

A

Vagus nerve X

41
Q

Presentation of dysphagia

A
  • coughing + choking
  • drooling
  • recurrent pneumonia
  • changes in speech/voice
  • nasal regurgitation
42
Q

Role of supra + infrahyoid muscles during swallowing

A
  • suprahyoid: elevates + pushes forwards hyoid bone + larynx > prevents asphyxiation
  • infrahyoid: opposite action > stabilises larynx
43
Q

What are the arches in the oral cavity?

A

Palatoglossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch

44
Q

Name the longitudinal muscles of the mouth

A

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

45
Q

Action of the longitudinal muscles of the mouth

A

Elevate pharynx + larynx during swallowing

46
Q

Name the pharyngeal constrictors

A

Superior, middle + inferior pharyngeal constrictors

47
Q

What nerve innervates the soft palate?

A

Vagus nerve X

HNN (24 decks)

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