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HNN > Oral Cavity + Pharynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity + Pharynx Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hypoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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2
Q

Sensory innervation + taste to the tongue

A
  • anterior 2/3: sensation from lingual branch from trigeminal nerve V | taste from facial VII (chorda tympani)
  • posterior 1/3: sensation + taste from glossopharyngeal IX
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3
Q

Motor innervation to the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • Hypoglossal nerve XII: genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus
  • Vagus nerve X: palatoglossus
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4
Q

Boundaries of the oral cavity

A
  • superior: hard + soft palate
  • inferior: muscular floor
  • lateral + anterior: lip, cheek + body of tongue
  • posterior: uvula, palatine + lingual tonsils, root of tongue
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5
Q

What is Sialolithiasis?

A

Condition where a calcified mass (sialolith) forms within a salivary gland,
Most common in the submandibular gland

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6
Q

What is the nerve of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve XII

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7
Q

What are the salivary glands?

A

Submandibular
Parotid
Sublingual

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8
Q

Symptoms of sialolithiasis

A

Eating stimulates:
- pain in gland
- swelling
- infection

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9
Q

What salivary gland is most likely to have stones?

A

Submandibular

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10
Q

Where is Wharton’s duct?

A

At base of tongue
Either side of lingual frenulum

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11
Q

What are parotid glands secretions transported by?

A

Stensen duct

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12
Q

Location of Stensen duct opening

A

In buccinator near the second upper molar

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13
Q

Pathway of stensen duct

A
  • originates from parotid gland
  • passes through masster muscle
  • pierces buccinator
  • opens into oral cavity near second upper molar
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14
Q

What duct is associated with the submandibular duct?

A

Wharton duct

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15
Q

What duct is associated with parotid gland?

A

Stensen duct

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16
Q

Investigation of sialolithiasis

A

Sialogram

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17
Q

Presentation of tonsillitis

A

Fever
Sore throat
Pain/difficult swallowing
Bad breath

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18
Q

Most common cause of tonsillitis

A

Virus

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19
Q

Most common bacterial cause of tonsillitis

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A

Streptococcus pyogenes

20
Q

Define tonsillitis

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A

Inflammation of palatine tonsils

21
Q

What is quinsy?

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A

peritonsillar abscess

22
Q

Presentation of peritonsillar abscess

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A
  • Severe throat pain
  • Fever
  • Bad breath
  • Drooling
  • Difficulty opening mouth
  • Deviated uvula
23
Q

How can a peritonsillar abscess arise?

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A
  • follow on from untreated tonsillitis
  • can arise on its own: aerobic or anaerobic bacteria
24
Q

Treatment of peritonsillar abscess/quinsy

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A
  • analgesia
  • fluids
  • antibiotics benzylpenicillin + metrondiazole
  • surgery for drainage
25
Boundaries of the nasopharynx
Lines behind nasal cavity - **roof**: base of skull - **floor**: upper border of soft palate - **anterior**: nasal cavity - **posterior**: C1, C2
26
Contents of the nasopharynx
- pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) - pharyngeal ostium of auditory tube
27
Presentation of enlarged pharyngeal tonsils
- nasal tone to voice - chronic sinusitis - sore throat - snoring/sleep apnoea - sleeping with mouth open - recurrent middle ear infections (blocks phayngotympanic tube)
28
Boundaries of oropharynx
Behind oral cavity - **roof**: soft palate - **floor**: epiglottis - **anterior**: oral cavity - **posterior**: C2, C3
29
Contents of oropharynx
**Palatine tonsils** Which lie between the palatoglossal arch + palatopharyngeal arches
30
Boundaries of the laryngopharynx
Behind the larynx - **roof**: epiglottis - **floor**: ‘line from’ cricoid cartilage - **anterior**: larynx - **posterior** C4-6
31
Contents of laryngopharynx
Pisiform fossa
32
What is the piriform fossa?
- Potential space on either side of the larynx - two pyramidal shapes with apex below
33
What are the three longitudinal muscles of the mouth? What are their innervations? What is their action
- **Stylopharyngeus** - glossopharyngeal - **Palatopharyngeus** - vagus - **Salpingopharyngeus** - vagus Elevate pharynx + larynx during swallowing
34
What are the three pharyngeal constrictors (circular muscles)? What are their origins? What is their innervation? What is their action?
- **superior**: ptergomandibular raphe - **middle**: hyoid bone - **inferior**: *thyropharyngeal*: thyroid cartilage | *cricopharyngeal*: cricoid cartilage - vagus nerve X - constrict wall of pharynx when swallowing
35
Innervation of the pharyngeal constrictors
Vagus nerve X
36
What is a pharyngeal pouch?
- Outpouching of pharynx at level of larynx - Arises in weakness between two parts of inferior constrictor muscle
37
Motor innervation of the pharynx
**Vagus nerve** Except Stylopharyngeus: CN IX
38
Sensory innervation of the nasopharynx
Maxillary nerve Vb
39
Sensory innervation of oropharynx
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
40
Sensory innervation of laryngopharynx
Vagus nerve X
41
Presentation of dysphagia
- coughing + choking - drooling - recurrent pneumonia - changes in speech/voice - nasal regurgitation
42
Role of supra + infrahyoid muscles during swallowing
- **suprahyoid**: elevates + pushes forwards hyoid bone + larynx > prevents asphyxiation - **infrahyoid**: opposite action > stabilises larynx
43
What are the arches in the oral cavity?
Palatoglossal arch Palatopharyngeal arch
44
Name the longitudinal muscles of the mouth
Stylopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus
45
Action of the longitudinal muscles of the mouth
Elevate pharynx + larynx during swallowing
46
Name the pharyngeal constrictors
Superior, middle + inferior pharyngeal constrictors
47
What nerve innervates the soft palate?
Vagus nerve X

HNN (24 decks)

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